Blessed (monster) - Revision history

Umbire the Phantom: potholes

2026-07-20T05:26:52Z

potholes

Umbire the Phantom: pothole

2026-05-19T03:04:45Z

pothole

Umbire the Phantom: dnh temp

2026-05-03T23:51:41Z

dnh temp

Umbire the Phantom: note this higher up

2026-05-02T00:34:34Z

note this higher up

Umbire the Phantom: corrections!

2026-05-01T23:47:42Z

corrections!

Umbire the Phantom: /* Origin */ pothole

2026-05-01T12:33:32Z

‎Origin: pothole

Umbire the Phantom: todo, origin

2026-05-01T12:32:04Z

todo, origin

Umbire the Phantom: /* Strategy */ word choice

2026-05-01T12:10:19Z

‎Strategy: word choice

Umbire the Phantom: /* Strategy */ bit more tailoring

2026-05-01T11:50:38Z

‎Strategy: bit more tailoring

Umbire the Phantom: follow-up to organize and copyedit

2026-05-01T10:37:20Z

follow-up to organize and copyedit

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
   |frequency=1
   |genocidable=No
-  |attacks=([[Passive]]) Wide-angle [[gaze]] 4d4 [[blinding]], black goat (blessed) 4d4 [[stunning]], deva arms 4d4 [[Physical damage|physical]], [[kick]] 2d8 [[Physical damage|physical]], kick 2d8 physical, [[dNetHack monster spells|spellcast]] 5d8 clerical
+  |attacks=([[Passive]]) Wide-angle [[gaze]] 4d4 [[blinding]], black goat (blessed) 4d4 [[stunning]], deva arms 4d4 [[Physical damage|physical]], [[Kick attack|kick]] 2d8 [[Physical damage|physical]], kick 2d8 physical, [[dNetHack monster spells|spellcast]] 5d8 clerical
   |weight=1450
   |nutr=400
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 Blessed have 16 points of [[AC]] each in the natural, dodge and special categories, and they have several points of [[DR]] in various slots: 5 points of natural DR and 4 points of special DR for the "head"; 8 points of special DR for the upper body; 4 points of special DR for the arms and hands; 4 points of special DR for the lower body and legs; and 5 points of natural DR for the feet.
-A blessed has six different attacks: a [[passive]] wide-angled [[blinding]] [[gaze attack]]; a [[stunning]] attack that can take the form of a [[butting attack]], [[tentacle attack]] or gaze attack; a "[[million-arm]]" weapon attack that deals [[physical damage]] repeatedly until the attack misses; two normal kicking attacks; and the ability to cast one [[dNetHack monster spells|clerical monster spell]] with no cooldown each round. Blessed possess [[magic resistance]] and all other resistance properties: they additionally have a [[life saving]] ability that triggers {{frac|2|3}} of the time when they are killed, provided they are not [[cancelled]] and were not killed by a [[petrify]]ing effect.
+A blessed has six different attacks: a [[passive]] wide-angled [[blinding]] [[gaze attack]]; a [[stunning]] attack that can take the form of a [[butting attack]], [[tentacle attack]] or gaze attack; a "[[million-arm]]" weapon attack that deals [[physical damage]] repeatedly until the attack misses; two normal [[kicking attack]]s; and the ability to cast one [[dNetHack monster spells|clerical monster spell]] with no cooldown each round. Blessed possess [[magic resistance]] and all other resistance properties: they additionally have a [[life saving]] ability that triggers {{frac|2|3}} of the time when they are killed, provided they are not [[cancelled]] and were not killed by a [[petrify]]ing effect.
 A blessed will choose her clerical spell from one of [[open wounds]], [[sanity bolt]], [[ice storm]], [[acid rain]], [[geyser]], [[summon young]], the close-range [[mass cure]] spell, [[lightning]], [[god ray]], [[Disintegration (monster spell)|disintegration]], or [[the Red Word]]&mdash;the god ray spell has a {{frac|9|100}} chance of being chosen, while disintegration has a {{frac|100}} chance, and all other spells have a {{frac|10}} chance. Hostile blessed can also periodically summon [[mistweaver]] monsters while unseen, which will be aligned with The Black Mother due to their monster template:

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 A '''blessed''', {{orange|q}}, is a type of [[monster]] that appears in [[dNetHack]], [[notdNetHack]], and [[notnotdNetHack]]. The blessed is an [[insight]] monster that appears as a strange form of [[humanoid]]-shaped female [[quadruped]] with a pair of horns, non-humanoid feet (which prevents wearing [[boots]]) and no distinct head&mdash;blessed are simultaneously [[Human (monster attribute)|human]], [[demihuman]] and [[animal]].
-Blessed are [[strong]] and [[thick-skinned]] [[herbivore]]s that are [[amphibious]], capable of [[flight]], possess [[teleport control]] and [[displacement]], and can tear through [[web]]s&mdash;they have normal vision, second-level [[low-light vision]], and the ability to [[see invisible]] monsters. Blessed that can be perceived by a [[hero]] (which requires at least 40 [[insight]]) can be seen via [[infravision]], have a tendency to [[wander]] while moving, will collect [[magical item]]s and other objects, and will [[follow]] a hero to other levels if they are close enough. They have {{frac|4}} more [[carrying capacity]] compared to other monsters of their size.
+Blessed are [[strong]] and [[thick-skinned]] [[herbivore]]s that are [[amphibious]], capable of [[flight]], possess [[teleport control]] and [[Displacement (property)|displacement]], and can tear through [[web]]s&mdash;they have normal vision, second-level [[low-light vision]], and the ability to [[see invisible]] monsters. Blessed that can be perceived by a [[hero]] (which requires at least 40 [[insight]]) can be seen via [[infravision]], have a tendency to [[wander]] while moving, will collect [[magical item]]s and other objects, and will [[follow]] a hero to other levels if they are close enough. They have {{frac|4}} more [[carrying capacity]] compared to other monsters of their size.
 The blessed are servants of [[the Black Mother]]: they cannot be [[tamed]] and are [[Lord (monster attribute)|lords]] to their kind, and a hero that manages to perceive one may lose [[sanity]] and further raise their insight&mdash;blessed are generally hostile toward enemies of the Black Mother, and will similarly be peaceful towards their fellow followers (including a hero aligned with the [[cult]]).

@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 The blessed's appearance is based partly on the entities associated with [[SCP:SCP-4971|SCP-4971]], which is described as a space-time anomaly existing within the former SouthWood Park Mall in Havensbrook, Indiana. The anomaly contains "a vast, mostly arboreal landscape under a nearly perpetually setting sun" that anyone leaving the main concourse of the mall will find themselves within, and the flora there resembles those found in the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada, and the anomalous entities within are the result of a woman-dominated eco-terrorist cult summoning a godlike cervine being, which transformed many of them and their victims into beings whose heads and necks were replaced with triangular symbols. As 'daughters' of the goat-like Black Mother, the blessed are also headless "quadruped" beings that were formerly human, with the transformation changing the shape of their feet as well (presumably to cloven hooves or something similar, hence their inability to wear boots).
-{{variant-343}}
+{{dNetHack-325}}
 [[Category:dNetHack monsters]]
 [[Category:notdNetHack monsters]]
 [[Category:notnotdNetHack monsters]]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 }}
 {{otheruses|the specific monster type in dNetHack and its derivatives|the specific item beatitude|BUC}}
-A '''blessed''', {{orange|q}}, is a type of [[monster]] that appears in [[dNetHack]], [[notdNetHack]], and [[notnotdNetHack]]. The blessed is an [[insight]] monster that appears as a strange form of [[humanoid]]-shaped female [[quadruped]] with a pair of horns, non-humanoid feet and no distinct head&mdash;blessed are simultaneously [[Human (monster attribute)|human]], [[demihuman]] and [[animal]].
+A '''blessed''', {{orange|q}}, is a type of [[monster]] that appears in [[dNetHack]], [[notdNetHack]], and [[notnotdNetHack]]. The blessed is an [[insight]] monster that appears as a strange form of [[humanoid]]-shaped female [[quadruped]] with a pair of horns, non-humanoid feet (which prevents wearing [[boots]]) and no distinct head&mdash;blessed are simultaneously [[Human (monster attribute)|human]], [[demihuman]] and [[animal]].
 Blessed are [[strong]] and [[thick-skinned]] [[herbivore]]s that are [[amphibious]], capable of [[flight]], possess [[teleport control]] and [[displacement]], and can tear through [[web]]s&mdash;they have normal vision, second-level [[low-light vision]], and the ability to [[see invisible]] monsters. Blessed that can be perceived by a [[hero]] (which requires at least 40 [[insight]]) can be seen via [[infravision]], have a tendency to [[wander]] while moving, will collect [[magical item]]s and other objects, and will [[follow]] a hero to other levels if they are close enough. They have {{frac|4}} more [[carrying capacity]] compared to other monsters of their size.
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 The blessed derive their name from the Blessed of Shub-Niggurath, a fictional race from the 1964 short [[Cthulhu Mythos]] story "The Moon-Lens" by [[wikipedia:Ramsey Campbell|Ramsey Campbell]]&mdash;though The Black Mother herself is very similar to [[wikipedia:Shub-Niggurath|Shub-Niggurath]] in concept, being an entity referred to as a "black goat" with "a thousand young" and using feminine pronouns, their "blessed" have few if any traits in common with each other.
-The blessed's appearance is based partly on the entities associated with [[SCP:SCP-4971|SCP-4971]], which is described as a space-time anomaly existing within the former SouthWood Park Mall in Havensbrook, Indiana. The anomaly contains "a vast, mostly arboreal landscape under a nearly perpetually setting sun" that anyone leaving the main concourse of the mall will find themselves within, and the flora there resembles those found in the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada, and the anomalous entities within are the result of a woman-dominated eco-terrorist cult summoning a godlike cervine being, which transformed many of them and their victims into beings whose heads and necks were replaced with triangular symbols. As 'daughters' of the goat-like Black Mother, the blessed are also headless "quadruped" beings that were formerly human, with the transformation changing the shape of their feet as well (presumably to cloven hooves or something similar, hence their inability to wear [[boots]]).
+The blessed's appearance is based partly on the entities associated with [[SCP:SCP-4971|SCP-4971]], which is described as a space-time anomaly existing within the former SouthWood Park Mall in Havensbrook, Indiana. The anomaly contains "a vast, mostly arboreal landscape under a nearly perpetually setting sun" that anyone leaving the main concourse of the mall will find themselves within, and the flora there resembles those found in the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada, and the anomalous entities within are the result of a woman-dominated eco-terrorist cult summoning a godlike cervine being, which transformed many of them and their victims into beings whose heads and necks were replaced with triangular symbols. As 'daughters' of the goat-like Black Mother, the blessed are also headless "quadruped" beings that were formerly human, with the transformation changing the shape of their feet as well (presumably to cloven hooves or something similar, hence their inability to wear boots).
 {{variant-343}}
 [[Category:dNetHack monsters]]
 [[Category:notdNetHack monsters]]
 [[Category:notnotdNetHack monsters]]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 }}
 {{otheruses|the specific monster type in dNetHack and its derivatives|the specific item beatitude|BUC}}
-A '''blessed''', {{orange|q}}, is a type of [[monster]] that appears in [[dNetHack]], [[notdNetHack]], and [[notnotdNetHack]]. The blessed is an [[insight]] monster that appears as a strange form of [[humanoid]]-shaped female [[quadruped]] with a pair of horns and no distinct head or feet&mdash;blessed are simultaneously [[Human (monster attribute)|human]], [[demihuman]] and [[animal]].
+A '''blessed''', {{orange|q}}, is a type of [[monster]] that appears in [[dNetHack]], [[notdNetHack]], and [[notnotdNetHack]]. The blessed is an [[insight]] monster that appears as a strange form of [[humanoid]]-shaped female [[quadruped]] with a pair of horns, non-humanoid feet and no distinct head&mdash;blessed are simultaneously [[Human (monster attribute)|human]], [[demihuman]] and [[animal]].
 Blessed are [[strong]] and [[thick-skinned]] [[herbivore]]s that are [[amphibious]], capable of [[flight]], possess [[teleport control]] and [[displacement]], and can tear through [[web]]s&mdash;they have normal vision, second-level [[low-light vision]], and the ability to [[see invisible]] monsters. Blessed that can be perceived by a [[hero]] (which requires at least 40 [[insight]]) can be seen via [[infravision]], have a tendency to [[wander]] while moving, will collect [[magical item]]s and other objects, and will [[follow]] a hero to other levels if they are close enough. They have {{frac|4}} more [[carrying capacity]] compared to other monsters of their size.
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 The blessed are servants of [[the Black Mother]]: they cannot be [[tamed]] and are [[Lord (monster attribute)|lords]] to their kind, and a hero that manages to perceive one may lose [[sanity]] and further raise their insight&mdash;blessed are generally hostile toward enemies of the Black Mother, and will similarly be peaceful towards their fellow followers (including a hero aligned with the [[cult]]).
-Blessed have 16 points of [[AC]] each in the natural, dodge and special categories, and they have several points of [[DR]] in various slots: 5 points of natural DR and 4 points of special DR for the "head"; 8 points of special DR for the upper body; 4 points of special DR for the arms and hands; 4 points of special DR for the lower body and legs; and 5 points of natural DR for the "feet".
+Blessed have 16 points of [[AC]] each in the natural, dodge and special categories, and they have several points of [[DR]] in various slots: 5 points of natural DR and 4 points of special DR for the "head"; 8 points of special DR for the upper body; 4 points of special DR for the arms and hands; 4 points of special DR for the lower body and legs; and 5 points of natural DR for the feet.
 A blessed has six different attacks: a [[passive]] wide-angled [[blinding]] [[gaze attack]]; a [[stunning]] attack that can take the form of a [[butting attack]], [[tentacle attack]] or gaze attack; a "[[million-arm]]" weapon attack that deals [[physical damage]] repeatedly until the attack misses; two normal kicking attacks; and the ability to cast one [[dNetHack monster spells|clerical monster spell]] with no cooldown each round. Blessed possess [[magic resistance]] and all other resistance properties: they additionally have a [[life saving]] ability that triggers {{frac|2|3}} of the time when they are killed, provided they are not [[cancelled]] and were not killed by a [[petrify]]ing effect.
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 The blessed derive their name from the Blessed of Shub-Niggurath, a fictional race from the 1964 short [[Cthulhu Mythos]] story "The Moon-Lens" by [[wikipedia:Ramsey Campbell|Ramsey Campbell]]&mdash;though The Black Mother herself is very similar to [[wikipedia:Shub-Niggurath|Shub-Niggurath]] in concept, being an entity referred to as a "black goat" with "a thousand young" and using feminine pronouns, their "blessed" have few if any traits in common with each other.
-The blessed's appearance is based partly on the entities associated with [[SCP:SCP-4971|SCP-4971]], which is described as a space-time anomaly existing within the former SouthWood Park Mall in Havensbrook, Indiana. The anomaly contains "a vast, mostly arboreal landscape under a nearly perpetually setting sun" that anyone leaving the main concourse of the mall will find themselves within, and the flora there resembles those found in the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada, and the anomalous entities within are the result of a woman-dominated eco-terrorist cult summoning a godlike cervine being, which transformed many of them and their victims into beings whose heads and necks were replaced with triangular symbols. As 'daughters' of the goat-like Black Mother, the blessed are also headless "quadruped" beings that were formerly human, though they also lack feet as well.
+The blessed's appearance is based partly on the entities associated with [[SCP:SCP-4971|SCP-4971]], which is described as a space-time anomaly existing within the former SouthWood Park Mall in Havensbrook, Indiana. The anomaly contains "a vast, mostly arboreal landscape under a nearly perpetually setting sun" that anyone leaving the main concourse of the mall will find themselves within, and the flora there resembles those found in the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada, and the anomalous entities within are the result of a woman-dominated eco-terrorist cult summoning a godlike cervine being, which transformed many of them and their victims into beings whose heads and necks were replaced with triangular symbols. As 'daughters' of the goat-like Black Mother, the blessed are also headless "quadruped" beings that were formerly human, with the transformation changing the shape of their feet as well (presumably to cloven hooves or something similar, hence their inability to wear [[boots]]).
 {{variant-343}}
 [[Category:dNetHack monsters]]
 [[Category:notdNetHack monsters]]
 [[Category:notnotdNetHack monsters]]

@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 ==Origin==
-The blessed derive their name from the Blessed of Shub-Niggurath, a fictional race from the 1964 short [[Cthulhu Mythos]] story "The Moon-Lens" by [[wikipedia:Ramsey Campbell|Ramsey Campbell]]&mdash;though The Black Mother herself is very similar to Shub-Niggurath in concept, being an entity referred to as a "black goat" with "a thousand young" and using feminine pronouns, their "blessed" have few if any traits in common with each other.
+The blessed derive their name from the Blessed of Shub-Niggurath, a fictional race from the 1964 short [[Cthulhu Mythos]] story "The Moon-Lens" by [[wikipedia:Ramsey Campbell|Ramsey Campbell]]&mdash;though The Black Mother herself is very similar to [[wikipedia:Shub-Niggurath|Shub-Niggurath]] in concept, being an entity referred to as a "black goat" with "a thousand young" and using feminine pronouns, their "blessed" have few if any traits in common with each other.
 The blessed's appearance is based partly on the entities associated with [[SCP:SCP-4971|SCP-4971]], which is described as a space-time anomaly existing within the former SouthWood Park Mall in Havensbrook, Indiana. The anomaly contains "a vast, mostly arboreal landscape under a nearly perpetually setting sun" that anyone leaving the main concourse of the mall will find themselves within, and the flora there resembles those found in the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada, and the anomalous entities within are the result of a woman-dominated eco-terrorist cult summoning a godlike cervine being, which transformed many of them and their victims into beings whose heads and necks were replaced with triangular symbols. As 'daughters' of the goat-like Black Mother, the blessed are also headless "quadruped" beings that were formerly human, though they also lack feet as well.

@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 For a hero that reaches 40 insight before entering the Temples of the Old Gods, making an offering to the Black Mother at her altar or through a [[mouth of the goat]] will pacify all hostile monsters that are part of her faction. Conversely, a hero aligned with the Black Mother will encounter peaceful blessed much more often, but should also take serious care not to offer a taboo corpse to the Black Mother while a blessed is nearby.
-For other heroes, high HP and sanity-management items are all but required, and [[cancellation]] is one of the best bets to stop a blessed's spellcasting ''and'' prevent their life saving from dragging out the fight&mdash;the blessed's [[Magic resistance (monster)|MR score]] of 30 is low enough that a [[wand of cancellation]] has a very reasonable chance of working within the first few [[zap]]s. A fully-reinforced Elder Sign, reinforced Gorgeneion or carved dreprun stave on the ground can ward off hostile blessed, though a [[scroll of scare monster]] is preferable to stand on and also guards against their spellcasting. A hero that has already read the [[Red Word of Knowledge]] will not be affected by the corresponding "Red Word" monster spell.
+For other heroes, high HP and sanity-management items are all but required, and [[cancellation]] is one of the best bets to stop a blessed's spellcasting ''and'' prevent their life saving from dragging out the fight&mdash;the blessed's [[Magic resistance (monster)|MR score]] of 30 is low enough that a [[wand of cancellation]] has a very reasonable chance of working within the first few [[zap]]s. While the fully-reinforced Elder Sign, reinforced Gorgeneion and weapons with carved dreprun staves can ward off hostile blessed, a [[scroll of scare monster]] may be preferable to stand on and will also guard against their spellcasting. A hero that has already read the [[Red Word of Knowledge]] will not be affected by the corresponding "Red Word" monster spell.
 In terms of inventory protection, a worn [[utility belt]], [[oilskin cloak]] or [[doll of protection]] can suffice, and you can drop all of your dilution-vulnerable items using the appropriate command ({{kbd|Shift|D}}) if all else fails. An [[engagement ring]] is also recommended to prevent blessed from charming you, while 1-turn [[escape item]]s are also highly useful to have available at a moment's notice.

@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 </div>
-Blessed can be [[Ward (dNetHack)|warded]] by [[User:Chris/dNetHack/Elder Sign|the fully-reinforced Elder Sign]].
+Blessed can be [[Ward (dNetHack)|warded]] by [[User:Chris/dNetHack/Elder Sign|the fully-reinforced Elder Sign]], a [[User:Chris/dNetHack/Gorgoneion|Gorgoneion]], or a [[wooden]] weapon on the ground that has a [[User:Chris/dNetHack/Dreprun|dreprun]] stave carved into it.
 ==Generation==
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 ==Strategy==
-For a hero that reaches 40 insight before entering the Temples of the Old Gods level, they may be pacified by making an offering to the Black Mother at her altar, pacifying all goat mother minions or re-pacifying them if they had been angered again. Care should be taken not to anger the Black Mother by offering taboo corpses at the [[mouth of the goat]] while close to a blessed, turning them hostile.
+Hostile blessed are best engaged with great caution, as the combination of their million-arm attacks, repeated kicks, 18 [[speed]], and powerful clerical spellcasting will constantly chip away at even the most heavily armored hero's [[HP]]: acid rain and geyser spells will corrode or rust various metallic items and [[dilute]] [[potion]]s, blanking [[scroll]]s and [[spellbook]]s, while also degrading other water-vulnerable items that are not protected by [[waterproof]] armor or [[container]]s; [[lightning]] can inflict high damage unless you have [[reflection]] or [[shock resistance]]; sanity bolts and the Red Word can shred your sanity and even cause you to disrobe from becoming uncomfortable in your [[worn]] [[armor]]; and their "black goat" attacks can turn into [[charming]] attacks that deprive you of still-other critical items.
-In combat, the blessed are best engaged with great caution. Their deva-arm attacks in conjunction with their strong kicks make engaging them head on very resource expensive; they may be [[ward (dNetHack)|ward]]ed by the fully reinforced [[elder sign]], [[gorgoneion]] (33% per reinforcement) and by a carved [[Ward_(dNetHack)#Icelandic_magical_staves|dreprun]] stave dropped on the ground. Standing over a [[scroll of scare monster]] is preferable to the aforementioned wards, which also guard against the blesseds' spellcasting. Their horned light attacks have a decent chance of landing [[seduction]] attacks, depriving you of potentially critical items.
+For a hero that reaches 40 insight before entering the Temples of the Old Gods, making an offering to the Black Mother at her altar or through a [[mouth of the goat]] will pacify all hostile monsters that are part of her faction. Conversely, a hero aligned with the Black Mother will encounter peaceful blessed much more often, but should also take serious care not to offer a taboo corpse to the Black Mother while a blessed is nearby.
-Their spellcasting, coupled with their fast speed, will all but guarantee a constant [[HP]] drain. Their spell rotation favors distracting spells like [[acid rain]] and [[geyser]]&mdash;which may dilute potions and infiltrate held [[bag]]s not protected from water damage&mdash; as well as [[lightning bolt]] and [[sanity bolt]]. It is best to enter the fight with a good HP pool, a [[wand of cancellation]], an [[engagement ring]], sanity management consumables if a particularly debilitating [[madness]] has been acquired, as well as with a 1-turn escape method on hand. Their lifesaving effect could indefintely extend the fight if they are not [[cancelled]], also disabling their spellcasting. For safeguards against dilution, dropping all dilutable objects and bags on the floor, or otherwise protecting oneself with a worn [[utility belt]], [[oilskin cloak]], or [[doll of protection]] suffices.
+For other heroes, high HP and sanity-management items are all but required, and [[cancellation]] is one of the best bets to stop a blessed's spellcasting ''and'' prevent their life saving from dragging out the fight&mdash;the blessed's [[Magic resistance (monster)|MR score]] of 30 is low enough that a [[wand of cancellation]] has a very reasonable chance of working within the first few [[zap]]s. A fully-reinforced Elder Sign, reinforced Gorgeneion or carved dreprun stave on the ground can ward off hostile blessed, though a [[scroll of scare monster]] is preferable to stand on and also guards against their spellcasting. An [[engagement ring]] is also recommended to prevent blessed from charming you, as are any 1-turn [[escape item]]s that you can carry. For inventory protection, a worn [[utility belt]], [[oilskin cloak]] or [[doll of protection]] can suffice, and you can drop all of your dilution-vulnerable items using the appropriate command ({{kbd|Shift|D}}) if all else fails.
 ==Origin==