Difference between revisions of "Price identification"

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'''Price identification''' is the tactic of using the price of an [[item]] to try to identify it. One can use the "'''buy price'''," the price of an item in [[shop]]s, or the "'''sell price'''," the price that a [[shopkeeper]] offers when you try to sell an item. The sell price is easier to use because it is not affected by your [[charisma]]. Even if you have enough scrolls of identify and no conducts in mind, pricing lets you use those scrolls earlier, before you can bless them, because it points out the most important items.
+
{{languages}}
 +
'''Price identification''' is the tactic of using the price of an [[item]] in ''[[NetHack]]'' to informally [[identify]] it. One can use the "'''buy price'''", the price of an item in [[shop]]s, or the "'''sell price'''", the price that a [[shopkeeper]] offers when you try to sell an item. The sell price is easier to use because the buy price includes an unpredictable random factor that may disguise certain prices as other ones. Even if you have enough scrolls of identify and no conducts in mind, pricing lets you use those scrolls to prioritize the most important items.
  
−
Nethack 3.6.0 introduced small changes to the shopkeeper prices that make older price guides slightly inaccurate (by 1-2zm). The tables below are duplicated for the '''3.4.3''' and '''3.6.0''' mechanism.
+
[[NetHack 3.6.0]] and [[3.6.1]] introduced changes to the price mechanics that make older price guides slightly inaccurate. The tables in {{sa|Price tables|sectionsign=1}} are duplicated for the 3.4.3 and 3.6.0 mechanics. If you're playing an older version and not using the tables, see the {{sa|History|sectionsign=1}} section before drawing conclusions based on prices.
  
−
== Prices ==
+
==Price derivation==
 +
===Base price===
 +
Each item in ''NetHack'' has a base price, which is modified in various ways to produce the final selling price. Positively-enchanted weapons and armor have an additional 10 zm added to their base price for every point of enchantment.
  
−
=== Dupe ===
+
Some items are considered "worthless":
  
−
You are considered a dupe if you are either a Tourist below experience level 15, or wearing a shirt without body armor or cloak, or wearing a [[dunce cap]].
+
* items with zero base price
 +
* [[cancelled]] [[wand]]s (with -1 charges)
 +
* uncursed [[potions of water]]
  
−
Dupes are offered lower sell prices, and charged higher buy prices.
+
Worthless items cannot be sold, but their buying price is calculated as though they have a base price of 5 zm. Unidentified valuable [[gem]]s and worthless glass are always bought as though they were valuable, and sold for only a few zorkmids, regardless of their "true" value, so price identification cannot be used to distinguish them. [[Gray stone]]s are priced like other items, so you ''can'' price-identify them.
  
−
=== Base price ===
+
===Buying===
 +
When you buy an item, you are charged the base price, modified as follows. All multipliers are applied in sequence:
  
−
Base price is the listed price of the item, with following additions<ref name=getprice343>[[Source:NetHack_3.4.3/src/shk.c#getprice]]</ref><ref name=getprice360>[[Source:NetHack_3.6.0/src/shk.c#getprice]]</ref>:
+
* Your [[charisma]] grants a modifier to the buying price.{{refsrc|src/shk.c|2134|version=NetHack 3.6.6}}
−
* Base price of partly eaten food, uncursed water, and (x:-1) wands is 0.
 
−
* For positively enchanted armor and weapon (not weapon tools), 10 zorkmids is added for each point of enchantment. Negative enchantment does not influence the price.
 
−
* Artifacts have their own base prices, and special rules. See below for more information.
 
−
 
 
−
=== Sell price ===
 
−
 
 
−
When you sell an item, the price will be 1/2 the base price of the item, or 1/3 the base price if you are a dupe. If you have not yet identified this type of item, or can't see its description for whatever reason, there is a 25% chance the price will be further reduced by 25%.<ref name=sell343>[[Source:NetHack_3.4.3/src/shk.c#set_cost]]</ref><ref name=sell360>[[Source:NetHack_3.6.0/src/shk.c#set_cost]]</ref> You can test for this reduction (up to NetHack 3.6.0) by dropping an item and refusing to sell it repeatedly.
 
−
 
 
−
The price of unidentified gems is an exception: it will be 3 to 7, 3 to 8, or 3 to 9 zorkmids depending on the shopkeeper.  The same shopkeeper will always offer the same price for the same kind of gems.<ref name=sell343 /><ref name=sell360 /> (Note that if you know your unidentified gem is glass, it is profitable to sell it before identifying.)
 
−
 
 
−
When you sell a non-empty container, the price of its contents will be added to its price. If you agree to a sale, all its contents become the property of the shop.
 
−
 
 
−
If the shopkeeper has less money than the sell price, he offers "only" as much as he has, i. e. "Asidanhoppo offers '''only''' 123 zorkmids for your diamond."
 
−
 
−
If the shopkeeper has no money at all, he offers you a credit for 90% of its sell price (or for the whole sell price if that is one zorkmid).
 
−
 
 
−
In [[NetHack 3.6.1]], one quarter of all shopkeepers will make the 25% reduction to their offer based on their internal monster ID number.<ref name=getprice361>[[Source:NetHack_3.6.1/src/shk.c#line2257]]</ref> This means that they will always offer the same sell price for the same item, so you cannot repeatedly drop an item to see whether its price changes. However, you can drop an item that you have informally identified in order to see whether they make the 25% reduction on it. If they do, you can conclude that other objects' sell prices are being reduced.
 
−
 
 
−
=== Buy price ===
 
−
 
 
−
When you buy a food, the base price is doubled if you are hungry, tripled if you are weak, quadrupled if you are fainting.<ref name=getprice343 /><ref name=getprice360 />.
 
−
 
 
−
If the base price is 0, it becomes 5 zorkmids (there's no such thing as a free lunch).
 
−
 
 
−
If an item is an unidentified glass gem, it is priced as a random precious gem of the same color.  The same gem in the same game will be sold for the same price.
 
−
 
 
−
If an item is unidentified, but not a gem, there is 25% chance that the price will be multiplied by 4/3.
 
−
 
 
−
If you are a dupe, the price is further multiplied by 4/3.
 
−
 
 
−
Then the price is further multiplied by a coefficient depending on your [[charisma]]:
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|- align=center
 
|- align=center
 
! style="text-align:right" | Charisma:
 
! style="text-align:right" | Charisma:
−
| < 6 || 6, 7 || 8–10 || 11–15 || 16, 17 || 18 || > 18
+
| &le; 5 || 6–7 || 8–10 || 11–15 || 16–17 || 18 || &ge; 19
 
|- align=center
 
|- align=center
 
! style="text-align:right" | Buy price multiplier:
 
! style="text-align:right" | Buy price multiplier:
−
| 2 || 3/2 || 4/3 || 1 || 3/4 || 2/3 || 1/2
+
| 2 || {{frac|1|1|2}} || {{frac|1|1|3}} || 1 || {{frac|3|4}} || {{frac|2|3}} || {{frac|1|2}}
 
|}
 
|}
 +
* Some characters are considered "suckers", and will be charged {{frac|3}} more. You are a sucker if:{{refsrc|src/shk.c|2128|version=NetHack 3.6.6}}
 +
** you're wearing a [[dunce cap]]
 +
** you're wearing a [[shirt]] not covered by a [[cloak]] or [[body armor]]
 +
** you're a [[Tourist]] below [[experience level]] 15
 +
* When buying unidentified objects, in {{frac|4}} of cases the shopkeeper will charge {{frac|3}} more. This surcharge is tied to the individual item or stack; merged stacks will inherit the higher of the two prices, while split stacks will inherit the price of the original stack.
  
−
=== 3.4.3 vs 3.6.0 ===
+
===Selling===
−
 
+
When you sell an item, you are normally offered {{frac|2}} the base price; if you're a sucker, as above, you are offered {{frac|3}} the base price instead. {{frac|4}} of shopkeepers will pay {{frac|4}} less for unidentified objects. This modifier is consistent for a given shopkeeper, so you can determine whether a given shopkeeper is affected by selling an informally-identified item. Note that if the shopkeeper doesn't have enough gold to cover the sale price, they'll only offer as much gold as they have, which can confuse the identification process. A shopkeeper with no gold will offer credit equal to 90% of the sale price, which you can multiply by {{frac|10|9}} to determine the correct sale price.
−
In Nethack 3.4.3, all surcharges and price reductions are applied sequentially, using integer arithmetics. For example, if a character with charisma 7 buying an item with base price of 100 is charged an unidentified surcharge, the shopkeeper's price is calculated as follows:
 
−
*100 base price
 
−
*4/3 unidentified surcharge multiplier = 100*4/3 = 133
 
−
*3/2 charisma multiplier = 133*3/2 = 199
 
−
 
 
−
The 3.6 calculation accumulates integer multipliers and divisors for all adjustments, then applies these once at the end to get the effective price. Thus for the same example, the calculation will be:
 
−
* (4/3)*(3/2) = 12/6
 
−
* 100*12/6 = 200
 
−
 
 
−
This sometimes results in prices 1 to 2 zm higher or lower than would be obtained in previous versions. The stated intention of this change is to make price identification harder by ensuring that the price of items marked up twice more often equals another base price, e.g. 200 zm instead of 199 zm. Another consequence of this method is that the order in which adjustments are applied no longer matters.
 
−
 
 
−
=== Artifacts ===
 
−
 
 
−
Artifacts have their own base prices. For example, the price of Excalibur, Vorpal Blade, or Mjollnir is 4000, the price of Sting is only 800, the prices of quest artifacts are from 1500 to 8000.  See [[Source:NetHack_3.4.3/include/artilist.h]] and [[Source:NetHack_3.6.0/include/artilist.h]] for the full table.
 
−
 
 
−
When you sell an artifact, its base price is considered as 1/4 of the listed value, and the rules above are applied.  For example, the base price of Sting is considered 800/4=200 if you sell it.
 
−
 
 
−
When you buy an artifact, all the rules above are applied, and then the final price is multiplied by 4.
 
−
 
 
−
Informally it means that artifacts are sold at exorbitant prices, and bought at low prices.
 
  
 
== Further strategies ==
 
== Further strategies ==
 +
[[General store]]s are very useful for price identification because they will offer to buy all types of items. However, you can still price-identify any object (unbreakable or in a [[bag of holding]]) in any store by [[throw]]ing the item into the shop from outside. If the item is fragile, you can have your [[pet]] carry it in, in a container if the item is cursed. Beware that this will relinquish ownership of the item (and the container, if any) to the shopkeeper, who will then try to sell it to you. You will need to pay the asking price or steal the item to get it back, but in a pinch, this can provide a price for an object that the shopkeeper would not normally be interested in.
  
−
[[General store]]s are very useful for price identification because they will offer to buy all types of items. However, you can still price-identify any object (unbreakable or in a [[bag of holding]]) in any store by [[throw]]ing the item in to the shop from outside. If the item is fragile, you can have your [[pet]] carry it in, in a container if the item is cursed. Be aware that this will relinquish ownership of the item (and the container, if any) to the shopkeeper, who will then try to sell it to you. You will need to pay the asking price or steal the item to get it back, but in a pinch, this can provide a price point for an object that the shopkeeper would not normally be interested in.
+
Some items in an item class are 4/3 the price of other items in the class, which can give ambiguous results when buying if the random surcharge applies. A 60zm scroll of enchant weapon could appear to be one of the 80zm scrolls, a  level 3 spellbook can appear to be level 4, and there are many 150zm items that can seem to be 200zm. Selling items is more reliable in this case because the random selling modifier applies to the shopkeeper; if selling an item results in what appears to be an impossible price, you know that this shopkeeper is "greedy", and all other selling prices from them can be adjusted accordingly.
  
 
=== Common uses ===
 
=== Common uses ===
  
−
The item which is most commonly price-IDed is the [[scroll of identify]], which is far cheaper than the other scrolls.
+
The item which is most commonly price-IDed is the [[scroll of identify]], which is far cheaper than the other scrolls. In addition, [[magic lamp]]s cost more than [[oil lamp]]s, and [[Enchantment#Armor|enchanted armor]] costs more than their unenchanted versions.
  
−
Also, [[magic lamp]]s cost more than [[oil lamp]]s, and [[Enchantment#Armor|enchanted armor]] costs more than the +0 version.
+
Price-IDing can also be useful to identify bad items. The [[scroll of amnesia]] has a base price of 200zm, ten times as much as a scroll of identify. A potion of sickness has a base price of 50zm, a potion of hallucination 100zm, and a potion of blindness 150zm.
  
−
Price-IDing can also be useful to identify bad items. The [[scroll of amnesia]] has a base price of 200 zm, ten times as much as a scroll of identify. A potion of sickness has a base price of 50 zm, a potion of hallucination 100 zm, and a potion of blindness 150 zm.
+
Non-[[Wizard]]s will find it helpful to price-identify the difficulty level of [[spellbook]]s to determine whether they are safe to [[read]]. The base price of a spellbook is 100 zorkmids times its difficulty level. The derived sell price is half that.
  
−
[[Spellbooks]] are useful to price-identify as a non-[[Wizard]], to determine whether they are low enough difficulty level to safely [[read]]. The
+
=== Stealing powerful wands ===
−
base price of a spellbook in zorkmids is 100 times its difficulty level (the derived sell price is 50 times its difficulty level).
 
  
−
=== Stealing powerful wands ===
+
An expensive [[wand]] (base price 500zm) is either {{wand of|wishing|or=1|death}}. In general, you should have a pet steal such an item; if you don't have a pet, both wands are well worth buying.  If you have neither a pet nor the gold, either should be pretty easy to obtain: throw a [[tripe ration|tripe]] or [[food ration]] at a wild dog or cat, or sell [[junk]] to the shopkeeper.
 +
 
 +
One might be tempted to zap the wand (wishing for a wand of death if it's a wand of wishing) at the shopkeeper, but for early characters, this is a [[bad idea]]: the death ray might miss, which can easily lead to a quick [[YASD]], given shopkeepers' speed and damage output. Furthermore, wishing for a wand of death from a wand of wishing is generally a waste anyways, given that by the time you really need one, you can get the one [[Orcus]] carries. If you're truly concerned about your character's ability to survive long enough to buy or steal the wand, wishing for 5000 gold pieces is a safe way to be able to do so, though it is also a waste of a wish. If you really want to kill the shopkeeper, wish for a blessed [[figurine]] of an Archon, though be aware that this has a 10% chance of backfiring.
  
−
An expensive [[wand]] (base price 500 [[zm]]) is either [[Wand of wishing|wishing]] or [[Wand of death|death]].  In general, you should have a pet steal such an item; if you don't have a pet, both wands are well worth buying.  If you have neither a pet nor the gold, either should be pretty easy to obtain: throw a [[tripe ration|tripe]] or [[food ration]] at a wild dog or cat, or sell [[junk]] to the shopkeeper, respectively.
+
==Price tables==
  
−
One might be tempted to zap the wand (wishing for a wand of death if it's a wand of wishing) at the shopkeeper, but for early characters, this is a [[bad idea]]: the death ray might miss, which can easily lead to a quick [[YASD]], given shopkeepers' speed and damage output. Furthermore, wishing for a wand of death from a wand of wishing is generally a waste anyways, given that by the time you really need one, [[Orcus|one is guaranteed to exist]]. If you're truly concerned about your character's ability to survive long enough to buy/steal the wand, wishing for 5000 gold is a safe way to be able to do so, though it is also a waste of a wish.  If you really want to kill the shopkeeper, wish for a blessed [[figurine]] of an Archon, though be aware that this has a 10% chance of backfiring.
+
In the tables below, the buying price is followed by two numbers in parentheses. The first number in parentheses is the higher price if you are charged either the unidentified surcharge or the sucker markup. The second is the price with both of those surcharges. The selling price is also followed by a number in parentheses: this is the offer you may get with the randomly applied discount. Numbers in '''bold''' are prices that do not allow a unique inference of the base price.
  
−
===Identifying magical armor===
+
===Magical armor===
  
 
====Boots====
 
====Boots====
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Boot types
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Boot types
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 8 ||16 (20/26)||12 (15/19)||10 (13/17)||8 (10/13)||6 (8/10)||6 (7/9)||4 (5/6)||4 (3)||[[elven boots]], [[kicking boots]]
 
| 8 ||16 (20/26)||12 (15/19)||10 (13/17)||8 (10/13)||6 (8/10)||6 (7/9)||4 (5/6)||4 (3)||[[elven boots]], [[kicking boots]]
Line 111: Line 73:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[jumping boots]], [[speed boots]], [[water walking boots]]
 
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[jumping boots]], [[speed boots]], [[water walking boots]]
−
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
 
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.6.0 and later'''
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible"
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Boot types
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later'''
 +
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Boot types
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 8 ||16 (21/28)||12 (16/21)||11 (14/19)||8 (11/14)||6 (8/11)||5 (7/9)||4 (5/7)||4 (3)||[[elven boots]], [[kicking boots]]
 
| 8 ||16 (21/28)||12 (16/21)||11 (14/19)||8 (11/14)||6 (8/11)||5 (7/9)||4 (5/7)||4 (3)||[[elven boots]], [[kicking boots]]
Line 124: Line 86:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 50 ||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||38 (50/67)||33 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[jumping boots]], [[speed boots]], [[water walking boots]]
 
| 50 ||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||38 (50/67)||33 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[jumping boots]], [[speed boots]], [[water walking boots]]
−
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
''Note:'' Amount in parentheses on buying price denotes the price if you are charged either (first number) or both (second number) of the unidentified surcharge or sucker markup. Amount in parentheses on selling price denotes the amount of a randomly discounted offer.
+
[[Fumble boots]] and [[levitation boots]] are both 30zm, but are of different [[weight]]s. They are often [[cursed]].
  
−
[[Fumble boots]] and [[levitation boots]] are both 30 zm, but are of different [[weight]]s. They are often [[cursed]].
+
[[Speed boots]], [[jumping boots]], and [[water walking boots]] are all priced at 50zm. They are easily identified once worn: speed boots auto-identify if you are not already very fast ([[potion of speed]] or {{spell of|haste self}} spell), jumping boots allow you to [[jump]], and boots of water walking are otherwise mundane.
  
−
[[Speed boots]], [[jumping boots]], and [[water walking boots]] are all priced at 50 zm. They are easily identified once worn: speed boots auto-identify if you are not already very fast ([[potion of speed]] or spell of [[haste self]]), jumping boots allow you to [[jump]], and [[Boots of water walking]] are otherwise mundane.
+
[[Elven boots]] cause you to "walk very quietly" and self-identify if you are not already [[stealth]]y. [[Kicking boots]] are made of metal, and consequently add to [[spell]] failure percentage.
−
 
 
−
[[Elven boots]] cause you to "walk very quietly" and self-identify if you are not already [[stealth]]y. [[Kicking boots]] are made of metal, and consequently add to [[spell]] failure percentage.
 
  
 
====Cloaks====
 
====Cloaks====
−
 
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Cloak types
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Cloak types
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2 ||10 (12/16)||7 (9/12)||6 (8/10)||5 (6/8)||4 (5/6)||4 (4/6)||2 (3/4)||1||[[mummy wrapping]]
 
| 2 ||10 (12/16)||7 (9/12)||6 (8/10)||5 (6/8)||4 (5/6)||4 (4/6)||2 (3/4)||1||[[mummy wrapping]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 40 ||80 (106/140)||60 (79/105)||53 (70/93)||40 (53/70)||30 (40/53)||27 (36/47)||20 (26/35)||20 (15)||[[orcish cloak|orcish]] ("coarse mantelet"), [[leather cloak|leather]]
+
| 40 ||80 (106/140)||60 (79/105)||53 (70/93)||40 (53/70)||30 (40/53)||27 (36/47)||20 (26/35)||20 (15)||[[leather cloak|leather]], [[orcish cloak|orcish]] ("coarse mantelet")
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[cloak of displacement|displacement]], [[dwarvish cloak|dwarvish]] ("hooded cloak"), [[oilskin cloak|oilskin]] ("slippery cloak"), [[alchemy smock]] ("apron"), [[cloak of protection|protection]], [[robe]] ("robe")
+
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[alchemy smock]] ("apron"), {{of|cloak|displacement}}, [[dwarvish cloak|dwarvish]] ("hooded cloak"), [[oilskin cloak|oilskin]] ("slippery cloak"), {{of|cloak|protection}}, [[robe]] ("robe")
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 60 ||120 (160/212)||90 (120/159)||80 (106/141)||60 (80/106)||45 (60/80)||40 (54/71)||30 (40/53)||30 (23)||[[elven cloak|elven]] ("faded pall"), [[cloak of invisibility|invisibility]], [[cloak of magic resistance|magic resistance]]
+
| 60 ||120 (160/212)||90 (120/159)||80 (106/141)||60 (80/106)||45 (60/80)||40 (54/71)||30 (40/53)||30 (23)||[[elven cloak|elven]] ("faded pall"), {{of|cloak|invisibility|magic resistance}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
 
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.6.0 and later'''
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible"
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Cloak types
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later'''
 +
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Cloak types
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2 ||10 (13/18)||8 (10/13)||7 (9/12)||5 (7/9)||4 (5/7)||3 (4/6)||3 (3/4)||1 (1)||[[mummy wrapping]]
 
| 2 ||10 (13/18)||8 (10/13)||7 (9/12)||5 (7/9)||4 (5/7)||3 (4/6)||3 (3/4)||1 (1)||[[mummy wrapping]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 40 ||80 (107/142)||60 (80/107)||53 (71/95)||40 (53/71)||30 (40/53)||27 (36/47)||20 (27/36)||20 (15)||[[orcish cloak|orcish]] ("coarse mantelet"), [[leather cloak|leather]]
+
| 40 ||80 (107/142)||60 (80/107)||53 (71/95)||40 (53/71)||30 (40/53)||27 (36/47)||20 (27/36)||20 (15)||[[leather cloak|leather]], [[orcish cloak|orcish]] ("coarse mantelet")
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 50 ||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||38 (50/67)||33 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[cloak of displacement|displacement]], [[dwarvish cloak|dwarvish]] ("hooded cloak"), [[oilskin cloak|oilskin]] ("slippery cloak"), [[alchemy smock]] ("apron"), [[cloak of protection|protection]], [[robe]] ("robe")
+
| 50 ||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||38 (50/67)||33 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[alchemy smock]] ("apron"), {{of|cloak|displacement}}, [[dwarvish cloak|dwarvish]] ("hooded cloak"), [[oilskin cloak|oilskin]] ("slippery cloak"), {{of|cloak|protection}}, [[robe]] ("robe")
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 60 ||120 (160/213)||90 (120/160)||80 (107/142)||60 (80/107)||45 (60/80)||40 (53/71)||30 (40/53)||30 (23)||[[elven cloak|elven]] ("faded pall"), [[cloak of invisibility|invisibility]], [[cloak of magic resistance|magic resistance]]
+
| 60 ||120 (160/213)||90 (120/160)||80 (107/142)||60 (80/107)||45 (60/80)||40 (53/71)||30 (40/53)||30 (23)||[[elven cloak|elven]] ("faded pall"), {{of|cloak|invisibility|magic resistance}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
The cloaks of displacement and protection both cost 50zm, and are the only ones at that price with a randomized appearance. If the cloaks cost 60zm and come with a randomized appearance, then they are either invisibility, magic resistance, or perhaps a +1 cloak of the first two types.
+
The cloaks of displacement and protection both cost 50zm, and are the only ones at that price with a randomized appearance. If a cloak costs 60zm and has a randomized appearance, then it is either invisibility, magic resistance, or a +1 cloak of the first two types.
  
 
====Other armor====
 
====Other armor====
−
All magical [[randomized appearance|randomized]] [[helm]]s ([[helm of opposite alignment|opposite alignment]], [[helm of brilliance|brilliance]], [[helm of telepathy|telepathy]]) cost 50zm; the [[helmet]] costs 10zm.
+
All magical [[randomized appearance|randomized]] [[helm]]s ({{of|helm|brilliance|opposite alignment|and=1|telepathy}}) cost 50zm; the [[helmet]] costs 10zm.
  
−
All magical [[gloves]] ([[gauntlets of power|power]], [[gauntlets of dexterity|dexterity]], [[gauntlets of fumbling]]) cost 50zm; [[leather gloves]] cost 8zm.
+
All magical [[gloves]] ({{of|gauntlets|dexterity|fumbling|and=1|power}}) cost 50zm; [[leather gloves]] cost 8zm.
  
−
Positive [[enchantment]] on a piece of armor increases the base price by 10 zm per point of enchantment. In theory, a +2 or better pair of fumble boots might be confused for one of the much more useful 50 zm boots, but the probability for positive enchantments on harmful items is too low to be worth bothering.
+
Positive [[enchantment]] on a piece of armor increases the base price by 10zm per point of enchantment. In theory, a +2 or better pair of fumble boots might be confused for one of the much more useful 50zm boots, but the probability for positive enchantments on harmful items is too low to be worth worrying about.
  
−
===Identifying scrolls===
+
===Scrolls===
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Scroll types
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Scroll types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 20 ||40 (52/68)||30 (39/51)||26 (34/45)||20 (26/34)||15 (20/26)||14 (18/23)||10 (13/17)||10 (8)||[[scroll of identify|identify]]
+
| 20 ||40 (52/68)||30 (39/51)||26 (34/45)||20 (26/34)||15 (20/26)||14 (18/23)||10 (13/17)||10 (8)||{{scroll of|identify}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[scroll of light|light]]
+
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||{{scroll of|light}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 60 ||120 (160/212)||90 (120/159)||80 (106/141)||60 (80/106)||45 (60/80)||40 (54/71)||30 (40/53)||30 (23)||[[scroll of blank paper|blank paper]] ("unlabeled scroll"), [[scroll of enchant weapon|enchant weapon]]
+
| 60 ||120 (160/212)||90 (120/159)||80 (106/141)||60 (80/106)||45 (60/80)||40 (54/71)||30 (40/53)||30 (23)||{{scroll of|blank paper}} ("unlabeled scroll"), {{scroll of|enchant weapon}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 80 ||160 (212/282)||120 (159/211)||106 (141/188)||80 (106/141)||60 (80/106)||54 (71/94)||40 (53/70)||40 (30)||[[scroll of enchant armor|enchant armor]], [[scroll of remove curse|remove curse]]
+
| 80 ||160 (212/282)||120 (159/211)||106 (141/188)||80 (106/141)||60 (80/106)||54 (71/94)||40 (53/70)||40 (30)||{{scroll of|enchant armor|remove curse}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||[[scroll of confuse monster|confuse monster]], [[scroll of destroy armor|destroy armor]], [[scroll of fire|fire]], [[scroll of food detection|food detection]], [[scroll of gold detection|gold detection]], [[scroll of magic mapping|magic mapping]], [[scroll of scare monster|scare monster]], [[scroll of teleportation|teleportation]]
+
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||{{scroll of|confuse monster|destroy armor|fire|food detection|gold detection}}, {{scroll of|magic mapping|scare monster|teleportation}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (354/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||[[scroll of amnesia|amnesia]], [[scroll of create monster|create monster]], [[scroll of earth|earth]], [[scroll of taming|taming]]
+
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (354/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||{{scroll of|amnesia|create monster|earth|taming}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300  ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||[[scroll of charging|charging]], [[scroll of genocide|genocide]], [[scroll of punishment|punishment]], [[scroll of stinking cloud|stinking cloud]]
+
| 300  ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||{{scroll of|charging|genocide|punishment|stinking cloud}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible"
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.6.0 and later'''
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later'''
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Scroll types
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Scroll types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 20 ||40 (53/71)||30 (40/53)||27 (36/47)||20 (27/36)||15 (20/27)||13 (18/24)||10 (13/18)||10 (8)||[[scroll of identify|identify]]
+
| 20 ||40 (53/71)||30 (40/53)||27 (36/47)||20 (27/36)||15 (20/27)||13 (18/24)||10 (13/18)||10 (8)||{{scroll of|identify}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 50 ||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||38 (50/67)||33 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[scroll of light|light]]
+
| 50 ||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||38 (50/67)||33 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||{{scroll of|light}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 60 ||120 ('''160'''/'''213''')||90 ('''120'''/'''160''')||80 ('''107'''/'''142''')||60 ('''80'''/'''107''')||45 ('''60'''/'''80''')||40 ('''53'''/'''71''')||30 ('''40'''/'''53''')||'''30''' (23)||[[scroll of blank paper|blank paper]] ("unlabeled scroll"), [[scroll of enchant weapon|enchant weapon]]
+
| 60 ||120 ('''160'''/'''213''')||90 ('''120'''/'''160''')||80 ('''107'''/'''142''')||60 ('''80'''/'''107''')||45 ('''60'''/'''80''')||40 ('''53'''/'''71''')||30 ('''40'''/'''53''')||'''30''' (23)||{{scroll of|blank paper}} ("unlabeled scroll"), {{scroll of|enchant weapon}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 80 ||'''160''' ('''213'''/284)||'''120''' ('''160'''/213)||'''107''' ('''142'''/190)||'''80''' ('''107'''/142)||'''60''' ('''80'''/107)||'''53''' ('''71'''/95)||'''40''' ('''53'''/71)||40 ('''30''')||[[scroll of enchant armor|enchant armor]], [[scroll of remove curse|remove curse]]
+
| 80 ||'''160''' ('''213'''/284)||'''120''' ('''160'''/213)||'''107''' ('''142'''/190)||'''80''' ('''107'''/142)||'''60''' ('''80'''/107)||'''53''' ('''71'''/95)||'''40''' ('''53'''/71)||40 ('''30''')||{{scroll of|enchant armor|remove curse}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)||[[scroll of confuse monster|confuse monster]], [[scroll of destroy armor|destroy armor]], [[scroll of fire|fire]], [[scroll of food detection|food detection]], [[scroll of gold detection|gold detection]], [[scroll of magic mapping|magic mapping]], [[scroll of scare monster|scare monster]], [[scroll of teleportation|teleportation]]
+
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)||{{scroll of|confuse monster|destroy armor|fire|food detection|gold detection}}, {{scroll of|magic mapping|scare monster|teleportation}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||267 (356/474)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||100 (75)||[[scroll of amnesia|amnesia]], [[scroll of create monster|create monster]], [[scroll of earth|earth]], [[scroll of taming|taming]]
+
| 200 ||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||267 (356/474)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||100 (75)||{{scroll of|amnesia|create monster|earth|taming}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300 ||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||150 (113)||[[scroll of charging|charging]], [[scroll of genocide|genocide]], [[scroll of punishment|punishment]], [[scroll of stinking cloud|stinking cloud]]
+
| 300 ||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||150 (113)||{{scroll of|charging|genocide|punishment|stinking cloud}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
If the scroll costs '''20zm''', '''50zm''', or '''60zm''', it is uniquely identified. Price identification of more expensive scrolls usually involves reading them. Unless otherwise specified, you should always make sure the unknown scroll is not cursed, and never read it while confused.
+
If the scroll costs '''20zm''', '''50zm''', or '''60zm''', it is uniquely identified. Identification of more expensive scrolls usually involves using the spell or scroll of [[Identification#Magical_identification|identify]]. If you choose to read an unknown scroll, you should always make sure the unknown scroll is not cursed, and never read it while confused.
  
−
If the scroll costs '''80zm''', it is either [[scroll of enchant armor|enchant armor]] or [[scroll of remove curse|remove curse]]. Both are harmless, unless the scroll cursed or you are confused. Before reading, you may want to bless the scroll, wear only those armor you want to enchant, and take all the cursed items you want to uncurse.
+
If the scroll costs '''80zm''', it is either {{scroll of|enchant armor|or=1|remove curse}}. Both are harmless, unless the scroll is cursed or you are confused. Before reading, you may want to bless the scroll, wear only armor you want to enchant, and hold all the cursed items you want to uncurse.
  
−
If the scroll costs '''100zm''', there are two dangerous scrolls, [[scroll of fire|fire]] and [[scroll of destroy armor|destroy armor]]. Before reading, to protect from ill effects of the former, put all you scrolls, potions, and spellbooks into a container, or into a closet, or leave them at different level, or just leave them at least 2 squares from you, but then you should beware of the them picked by a monster if you encountered a [[scroll of teleportation]]. To protect from ill effects of both scrolls, make sure all your armor, except shirt covered by a body armor or cloak, and body armor covered by a cloak, is something you can afford to lose.
+
Among scrolls that cost '''100zm''', there are two dangerous scrolls, {{scroll of|fire|and=1|destroy armor}}. Before reading, to protect from ill effects of the former, put all your scrolls, potions, and spellbooks into a container, or into a closet, or leave them on a different level, or just leave them at least 2 squares from you (but then you should beware of the danger of them being picked up by a monster if you encountered a [[scroll of teleportation]]. To protect from ill effects of both scrolls, make sure all your armor, except a shirt covered by a body armor or cloak, and body armor covered by a cloak, is something you can afford to lose.
  
−
If the scroll costs '''200zm''', the only dangerous scroll is [[scroll of amnesia|amnesia]], but it is really bad, and you cannot protect from it. Unless you identified the scroll of amnesia, don't read the scroll. Identify it by other means.
+
If the scroll costs '''200zm''', the only dangerous scroll is {{scroll of|amnesia}}, but it is really bad, and you cannot protect from it. Unless you have identified the scroll of amnesia, don't read an unknown 200-zorkmid scroll. Identify it by other means.
  
−
If the scroll costs '''300zm''', the only dangerous scroll is [[scroll of punishment]]. At Nethack 3.4.3, there is a simple way to get rid of the heavy iron ball, involving a pit and a boulder, but since 3.6.0, it doesn't work.  Don't read the scroll unless you have non-cursed scroll of remove curse, wand of opening, know and can cast a knock spell, or can polymorph to a nymph or metallivore. Alternatively, you can bless the scroll and then read it. Blessed scroll of punishment is harmless, and blessed scrolls of genocide and charging are more powerful than uncursed scrolls. Finally, if you are absolutely sure it is not a scroll of genocide, you can read it while confused. Beware! Reading a scroll of genocide while confused would genocide your own race, thus killing you, even if you are wearing an [[amulet of life saving]].
+
If the scroll costs '''300zm''', the only dangerous scroll is {{scroll of|punishment}}. In Nethack 3.4.3, there is a simple way to get rid of the heavy iron ball, involving a pit and a boulder, but since 3.6.0, it doesn't work.  Don't read the scroll unless you have a non-cursed scroll of remove curse or a wand of opening, or unless you know and can cast a knock spell, or can polymorph into a nymph or metallivore. Alternatively, you can bless the scroll and then read it. Blessed scrolls of punishment are harmless, and blessed scrolls of genocide and charging are more powerful than uncursed scrolls. Finally, if you are absolutely sure it is not a scroll of genocide, you can read it while confused. Beware! Reading a scroll of genocide while confused would genocide your own race, thus killing you, even if you are wearing an [[amulet of life saving]].
  
−
===Identifying potions===
+
===Potions===
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Potion types
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Potion types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 0 ||10 (12/16)||7 (9/12)||6 (8/10)||5 (6/8)||4 (5/6)||4 (4/6)||2 (3/4)||0||[[potion of water|water]] (uncursed)
+
| 0 ||10 (12/16)||7 (9/12)||6 (8/10)||5 (6/8)||4 (5/6)||4 (4/6)||2 (3/4)||0||{{potion of|water}} (uncursed)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[potion of booze|booze]], [[potion of fruit juice|fruit juice]], [[potion of see invisible|see invisible]], [[potion of sickness|sickness]]
+
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||{{potion of|booze|fruit juice|see invisible|sickness}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||[[potion of confusion|confusion]], [[potion of extra healing|extra healing]], [[potion of hallucination|hallucination]], [[potion of healing|healing]], [[potion of holy water|holy water]] ("blessed clear potion"), [[potion of unholy water|unholy water]] ("cursed clear potion"), [[potion of restore ability|restore ability]], [[potion of sleeping|sleeping]]
+
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||{{potion of|confusion|extra healing|hallucination|healing|holy water}} ("blessed clear potion"), {{potion of|unholy water}} ("cursed clear potion"), {{potion of|restore ability|sleeping}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||[[potion of blindness|blindness]], [[potion of gain energy|gain energy]], [[potion of invisibility|invisibility]], [[potion of monster detection|monster detection]], [[potion of object detection|object detection]]
+
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||{{potion of|blindness|gain energy|invisibility|monster detection|object detection}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (354/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||[[potion of enlightenment|enlightenment]], [[potion of full healing|full healing]], [[potion of levitation|levitation]], [[potion of polymorph|polymorph]], [[potion of speed|speed]]
+
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (354/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||{{potion of|enlightenment|full healing|levitation|polymorph|speed}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 250 ||500 (666/888)||375 (499/666)||333 (444/592)||250 (333/444)||188 (250/333)||167 (222/296)||125 (166/222)||125 (94)||[[potion of acid|acid]], [[potion of oil|oil]]
+
| 250 ||500 (666/888)||375 (499/666)||333 (444/592)||250 (333/444)||188 (250/333)||167 (222/296)||125 (166/222)||125 (94)||{{potion of|acid|oil}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300 ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||[[potion of gain ability|gain ability]], [[potion of gain level|gain level]], [[potion of paralysis|paralysis]]
+
| 300 ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||{{potion of|gain ability|gain level|paralysis}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible"
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.6.0 and later'''
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later'''
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Potion types
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Potion types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 0 ||10 (13/18)||8 (10/13)||7 (9/12)||5 (7/9)||4 (5/7)||3 (4/6)||3 (3/4)||0 (0)||[[potion of water|water]] (uncursed)
+
| 0 ||10 (13/18)||8 (10/13)||7 (9/12)||5 (7/9)||4 (5/7)||3 (4/6)||3 (3/4)||0 (0)||{{potion of|water}} (uncursed)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 50 ||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||38 (50/67)||33 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[potion of booze|booze]], [[potion of fruit juice|fruit juice]], [[potion of see invisible|see invisible]], [[potion of sickness|sickness]]
+
| 50 ||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||38 (50/67)||33 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||{{potion of|booze|fruit juice|see invisible|sickness}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)||[[potion of confusion|confusion]], [[potion of extra healing|extra healing]], [[potion of hallucination|hallucination]], [[potion of healing|healing]], [[potion of holy water|holy water]] ("blessed clear potion"), [[potion of unholy water|unholy water]] ("cursed clear potion"), [[potion of restore ability|restore ability]], [[potion of sleeping|sleeping]]
+
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)||{{potion of|confusion|extra healing|hallucination|healing|holy water}} ("blessed clear potion"), {{potion of|unholy water}} ("cursed clear potion"), {{potion of|restore ability|sleeping}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 ||300 ('''400'''/533)||225 ('''300'''/'''400''')||200 ('''267'''/'''356''')||150 ('''200'''/'''267''')||113 ('''150'''/'''200''')||100 ('''133'''/'''178''')||75 ('''100'''/'''133''')||'''75''' (56)||[[potion of blindness|blindness]], [[potion of gain energy|gain energy]], [[potion of invisibility|invisibility]], [[potion of monster detection|monster detection]], [[potion of object detection|object detection]]
+
| 150 ||300 ('''400'''/'''533''')||225 ('''300'''/'''400''')||200 ('''267'''/'''356''')||150 ('''200'''/'''267''')||113 ('''150'''/'''200''')||100 ('''133'''/'''178''')||75 ('''100'''/'''133''')||'''75''' (56)||{{potion of|blindness|gain energy|invisibility|monster detection|object detection}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||'''400''' (533/711)||'''300''' ('''400'''/533)||'''267''' ('''356'''/474)||'''200''' ('''267'''/356)||'''150''' ('''200'''/267)||'''133''' ('''178'''/237)||'''100''' ('''133'''/178)||100 ('''75''')||[[potion of enlightenment|enlightenment]], [[potion of full healing|full healing]], [[potion of levitation|levitation]], [[potion of polymorph|polymorph]], [[potion of speed|speed]]
+
| 200 ||'''400''' ('''533'''/711)||'''300''' ('''400'''/533)||'''267''' ('''356'''/474)||'''200''' ('''267'''/356)||'''150''' ('''200'''/267)||'''133''' ('''178'''/237)||'''100''' ('''133'''/178)||100 ('''75''')||{{potion of|enlightenment|full healing|levitation|polymorph|speed}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 250 ||500 (667/889)||375 (500/667)||333 (444/593)||250 (333/444)||188 (250/333)||167 (222/296)||125 (167/222)||125 (94)||[[potion of acid|acid]], [[potion of oil|oil]]
+
| 250 ||500 (667/889)||375 (500/667)||333 (444/593)||250 (333/444)||188 (250/333)||167 (222/296)||125 (167/222)||125 (94)||{{potion of|acid|oil}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300 ||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||150 (113)||[[potion of gain ability|gain ability]], [[potion of gain level|gain level]], [[potion of paralysis|paralysis]]
+
| 300 ||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||150 (113)||{{potion of|gain ability|gain level|paralysis}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
If the potion is water (clear potion), price gives some information about its [[beautitude]]. If the price is 0, the water is uncursed, otherwise it is either [[holy water|holy]] or [[unholy water]].
+
If the potion is water (clear potion), price gives some information about its [[beatitude]]. If the price is 0, the water is uncursed; otherwise it is either [[Potion of holy water|holy]] or {{potion of|unholy water}}.
  
−
If the price is 250zm, you can ensure it is not cursed, and try to [[apply]] it. If it is a potion of oil, it will lit. Do not do this when the potion is owned by a shop, or you will be forced to pay for the potion and will be charged [[Yendorian Fuel Tax]].
+
If the price is 250zm, you can ensure it is not cursed, then try to [[apply]] it. If it is a potion of oil, it will be lit. Do not do this when the potion is owned by a shop, or you will be forced to pay for the potion and will be charged [[Yendorian Fuel Tax]].
  
−
Otherwise, price identification of a potion usually includes quaffing it. See [[Potion#Price_identification_then_quaffing]] for more information.
+
Otherwise, price identification of a potion usually includes quaffing it. See [[Potion#Price identification then quaffing|Potion § Price identification then quaffing]] for more information.
  
−
===Identifying rings===
+
{{upcoming|NetHack 3.7.0|As of {{commit|62fb87593189311927746f0bfe21e317c1838c69}}, potion of healing costs 20.}}
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
 
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
===Rings===
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Ring types
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
 +
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
 +
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Ring types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||[[ring of adornment|adornment]], [[ring of hunger|hunger]]*, [[ring of protection|protection]], [[ring of protection from shape changers|protection from shape changers]], [[ring of stealth|stealth]], [[ring of sustain ability|sustain ability]], [[ring of warning|warning]]
+
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||{{ring of|adornment|hunger}}*, {{ring of|protection|protection from shape changers|stealth|sustain ability|warning}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||[[ring of aggravate monster|aggravate monster]]*, [[ring of cold resistance|cold resistance]], [[ring of gain constitution|gain constitution]], [[ring of gain strength|gain strength]], [[ring of increase accuracy|increase accuracy]], [[ring of increase damage|increase damage]], [[ring of invisibility|invisibility]], [[ring of poison resistance|poison resistance]], [[ring of see invisible|see invisible]], [[ring of shock resistance|shock resistance]]
+
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||{{ring of|aggravate monster}}*, {{ring of|cold resistance|gain constitution|gain strength|increase accuracy|increase damage}}, {{ring of|invisibility|poison resistance|see invisible|shock resistance}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (354/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||[[ring of fire resistance|fire resistance]], [[ring of free action|free action]], [[ring of levitation|levitation]], [[ring of regeneration|regeneration]], [[ring of searching|searching]], [[ring of slow digestion|slow digestion]], [[ring of teleportation|teleportation]]*
+
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (354/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||{{ring of|fire resistance|free action|levitation|regeneration|searching}}, {{ring of|slow digestion|teleportation}}*
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300  ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||[[ring of conflict|conflict]], [[ring of polymorph|polymorph]]*, [[ring of polymorph control|polymorph control]], [[ring of teleport control|teleport control]]
+
| 300  ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||{{ring of|conflict|polymorph}}*, {{ring of|polymorph control|teleport control}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible"
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.6.0 and later'''
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later'''
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Ring types
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Ring types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)||[[ring of adornment|adornment]], [[ring of hunger|hunger]]*, [[ring of protection|protection]], [[ring of protection from shape changers|protection from shape changers]], [[ring of stealth|stealth]], [[ring of sustain ability|sustain ability]], [[ring of warning|warning]]
+
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)||{{ring of|adornment|hunger}}*, {{ring of|protection|protection from shape changers|stealth|sustain ability|warning}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 ||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||113 (150/200)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (56)||[[ring of aggravate monster|aggravate monster]]*, [[ring of cold resistance|cold resistance]], [[ring of gain constitution|gain constitution]], [[ring of gain strength|gain strength]], [[ring of increase accuracy|increase accuracy]], [[ring of increase damage|increase damage]], [[ring of invisibility|invisibility]], [[ring of poison resistance|poison resistance]], [[ring of see invisible|see invisible]], [[ring of shock resistance|shock resistance]]
+
| 150 ||300 ('''400'''/'''533''')||225 ('''300'''/'''400''')||200 ('''267'''/'''356''')||150 ('''200'''/'''267''')||113 ('''150'''/'''200''')||100 ('''133'''/'''178''')||75 ('''100'''/'''133''')||'''75''' (56)||{{ring of|aggravate monster}}*, {{ring of|cold resistance|gain constitution|gain strength|increase accuracy|increase damage}}, {{ring of|invisibility|poison resistance|see invisible|shock resistance}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||267 (356/474)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||100 (75)||[[ring of fire resistance|fire resistance]], [[ring of free action|free action]], [[ring of levitation|levitation]], [[ring of regeneration|regeneration]], [[ring of searching|searching]], [[ring of slow digestion|slow digestion]], [[ring of teleportation|teleportation]]*
+
| 200 ||'''400''' ('''533'''/711)||'''300''' ('''400'''/533)||'''267''' ('''356'''/474)||'''200''' ('''267'''/356)||'''150''' ('''200'''/267)||'''133''' ('''178'''/237)||'''100''' ('''133'''/178)||100 ('''75''')||{{ring of|fire resistance|free action|levitation|regeneration|searching}}, {{ring of|slow digestion|teleportation}}*
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300 ||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||150 (113)||[[ring of conflict|conflict]], [[ring of polymorph|polymorph]]*, [[ring of polymorph control|polymorph control]], [[ring of teleport control|teleport control]]
+
| 300 ||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||150 (113)||{{ring of|conflict|polymorph}}*, {{ring of|polymorph control|teleport control}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 
An asterisk (*) indicates that this ring is generated cursed 90% of the time.
 
An asterisk (*) indicates that this ring is generated cursed 90% of the time.
  
−
The most useful [[ring]]s to price-identify are the most expensive and most powerful rings: the 200 zm and 300 zm rings.
+
The most useful [[ring]]s to price-identify are the most expensive and most powerful rings: the 200zm and 300zm rings.
  
−
All 200 zm rings, provided they are non-cursed, are useful and safe to wear. These include the [[ring of free action]], the [[ring of slow digestion]], the [[ring of searching]], the [[ring of levitation]], the [[ring of regeneration]], the [[ring of fire resistance]], and the [[ring of teleportation]]. It is important to only wear rings from this group known to be non-cursed, since uncontrolled [[teleportitis]] or a cursed ring of levitation may be hazardous. The ring of levitation auto-identifies on wearing; the effects of the other 200 zm rings, with the probable exceptions of fire resistance or teleportation if you already have the [[intrinsics]], will eventually become clear if you wear the rings. The ring of regeneration can also be quickly tested for: wear it, throw a non-breakable, shop-owned object up <!-- don't kick a wall, it wakes up and attracts nearby monsters. You don't want a nymph right outside the door.-->to lose a few hit points, and watch if you re-gain them every turn.
+
All 200zm rings, provided they are non-cursed, are useful and safe to wear. These include the rings of {{ring of|free action|slow digestion|searching|levitation|regeneration}}, {{ring of|fire resistance|and=1|teleportation}}. It is important to only wear rings from this group known to be non-cursed, since uncontrolled [[teleportitis]] or a cursed ring of levitation may be hazardous. The ring of levitation auto-identifies when worn; the effects of the other 200zm rings, with the probable exceptions of fire resistance or teleportation if you already have the [[intrinsics]], will eventually become clear if you wear the rings. The ring of regeneration can also be quickly tested for: wear it, throw a (preferably non-breakable) object up <!-- don't kick a wall, it wakes up and attracts nearby monsters. You don't want a nymph right outside the door.-->to lose a few hit points, and watch if you re-gain them every turn.
  
−
The 300 zm rings include the [[ring of conflict]], the [[ring of teleport control]], the [[ring of polymorph]], and the [[ring of polymorph control]]. The first two are among the most coveted items in the game and are frequent [[wish]] targets, however the ring of polymorph means that 300 zm rings are not generally safe to wear. Conflict can still be easily identified by wearing it for a turn or two around a peaceful monster (remember that a [[shopkeeper]], [[aligned priest]], or your Quest leader are probably not wise choices.) Teleport control can also be identified by putting on the ring and triggering a teleport (via trap, scroll, wand, etc.) If your 300 zm ring is neither of these, do not wear it; use a scroll, spell, a handy [[sink]] or a source of [[enlightenment]] to reliably identify the other 300 zm rings. Alternately, a riskier method of determining whether a 300 zm ring is safe to wear is simply to wear it for a few hundred turns without wearing a [[shirt]], [[cloak]], or [[body armor]] (or wearing [[junk]] armor): that way, if you [[polymorph]] you will not break your useful armor.
+
The 300zm rings include the rings of {{ring of|conflict|teleport control|polymorph|and=1|polymorph control}}. The first two are among the most coveted items in the game and are frequent [[wish]] targets, however the ring of polymorph means that 300zm rings are not generally safe to wear. Conflict can still be easily identified by wearing it for a turn or two around a peaceful monster (remember that a [[shopkeeper]], [[aligned priest]], or your Quest leader are probably not wise choices). Teleport control can also be identified by putting on the ring and triggering a teleport (via trap, scroll, wand, etc.) If your 300zm ring is neither of these, do not wear it; use a scroll, spell, a handy [[sink]] or a source of [[enlightenment]] to reliably identify the other 300zm rings. Alternately, a riskier method of determining whether a 300zm ring is safe to wear is simply to wear it for a few hundred turns without wearing a [[shirt]], [[cloak]], or [[body armor]] (or wearing [[junk]] armor); that way, if you [[polymorph]] you will not break your useful armor.
  
−
===Identifying wands===
+
===Wands===
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier'''
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Wand types
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Wand types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||[[wand of light|light]], [[wand of nothing|nothing]]
+
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||{{wand of|light|nothing}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||[[wand of digging|digging]], [[wand of enlightenment|enlightenment]], [[wand of locking|locking]], [[wand of magic missile|magic missile]], [[wand of make invisible|make invisible]], [[wand of opening|opening]], [[wand of probing|probing]], [[wand of secret door detection|secret door detection]], [[wand of slow monster|slow monster]], [[wand of speed monster|speed monster]], [[wand of striking|striking]], [[wand of undead turning|undead turning]]
+
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||{{wand of|digging|enlightenment|locking|magic missile|make invisible}}, {{wand of|opening|probing|secret door detection|slow monster|speed monster}}, {{wand of|striking|undead turning}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 175 ||350 (466/620)||262 (349/465)||233 (310/413)||175 (233/310)||132 (175/233)||117 (156/207)||87 (116/155)||87 (66)||[[wand of cold|cold]], [[wand of fire|fire]], [[wand of lightning|lightning]], [[wand of sleep|sleep]]
+
| 175 ||350 (466/620)||262 (349/465)||233 (310/413)||175 (233/310)||132 (175/233)||117 (156/207)||87 (116/155)||87 (66)||{{wand of|cold|fire|lightning|sleep}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (356/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||[[wand of cancellation|cancellation]], [[wand of create monster|create monster]], [[wand of polymorph|polymorph]], [[wand of teleportation|teleportation]]
+
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (356/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||{{wand of|cancellation|create monster|polymorph|teleportation}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 500  ||1000 (1332/1776)||750 (999/1332)||666 (888/1184)||500 (666/888)||375 (500/666)||334 (444/592)||250 (333/444)||250 (188)||[[wand of death|death]], [[wand of wishing|wishing]]
+
| 500  ||1000 (1332/1776)||750 (999/1332)||666 (888/1184)||500 (666/888)||375 (500/666)||334 (444/592)||250 (333/444)||250 (188)||{{wand of|death|wishing}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible">
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible"
−
|+ '''Prices in Nethack 3.6.0 and later'''
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later'''
−
!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Wand types
+
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Wand types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)||[[wand of light|light]], [[wand of nothing|nothing]]
+
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)||{{wand of|light|nothing}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 ||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||113 (150/200)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (56)||[[wand of digging|digging]], [[wand of enlightenment|enlightenment]], [[wand of locking|locking]], [[wand of magic missile|magic missile]], [[wand of make invisible|make invisible]], [[wand of opening|opening]], [[wand of probing|probing]], [[wand of secret door detection|secret door detection]], [[wand of slow monster|slow monster]], [[wand of speed monster|speed monster]], [[wand of striking|striking]], [[wand of undead turning|undead turning]]
+
| 150 ||300 ('''400'''/'''533''')||225 ('''300'''/'''400''')||200 ('''267'''/'''356''')||150 ('''200'''/'''267''')||113 ('''150'''/'''200''')||100 ('''133'''/'''178''')||75 ('''100'''/'''133''')||'''75''' (56)||{{wand of|digging|enlightenment|locking|magic missile|make invisible}}, {{wand of|opening|probing|secret door detection|slow monster|speed monster}}, {{wand of|striking|undead turning}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 175 ||350 (467/622)||263 (350/467)||233 (311/415)||175 (233/311)||131 (175/233)||117 (156/207)||88 (117/156)||88 (66)||[[wand of cold|cold]], [[wand of fire|fire]], [[wand of lightning|lightning]], [[wand of sleep|sleep]]
+
| 175 ||350 (467/622)||263 (350/467)||233 (311/415)||175 (233/311)||131 (175/233)||117 (156/207)||88 (117/156)||88 (66)||{{wand of|cold|fire|lightning|sleep}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||267 (356/474)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||100 (75)||[[wand of cancellation|cancellation]], [[wand of create monster|create monster]], [[wand of polymorph|polymorph]], [[wand of teleportation|teleportation]]
+
| 200 ||'''400''' ('''533'''/711)||'''300''' ('''400'''/533)||'''267''' ('''356'''/474)||'''200''' ('''267'''/356)||'''150''' ('''200'''/267)||'''133''' ('''178'''/237)||'''100''' ('''133'''/178)||100 ('''75''')||{{wand of|cancellation|create monster|polymorph|teleportation}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 500 ||1000 (1333/1778)||750 (1000/1333)||667 (889/1185)||500 (667/889)||375 (500/667)||333 (444/593)||250 (333/444)||250 (188)||[[wand of death|death]], [[wand of wishing|wishing]]
+
| 500 ||1000 (1333/1778)||750 (1000/1333)||667 (889/1185)||500 (667/889)||375 (500/667)||333 (444/593)||250 (333/444)||250 (188)||{{wand of|death|wishing}}
 
|}
 
|}
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
It is usually better to [[Wand#Engrave-identification|engrave ID]] wands to determine their identity, however base 175 zm wands found in shops are all useful ([[wand of cold]], [[wand of sleep]], [[wand of fire]] or [[wand of lightning]]), price identification can distinguish a [[wand of sleep]] from a [[wand of death]] without using another [[charge]], any wand that makes engravings vanish that has a base price of 150 zm is a [[wand of make invisible]], and any wand that gives no message when engraved with a base price of 100 zm is a [[wand of nothing]].
+
It is usually better to [[Wand#Engrave-identification|engrave ID]] wands to determine their identity, however base 175zm wands found in shops are all useful ({{wand of|cold|sleep|fire|or=1|lightning}}), price identification can distinguish a [[wand of sleep]] from a [[wand of death]] without using another [[charge]], any wand that makes engravings vanish that has a base price of 150zm is a [[wand of make invisible]], and any wand that gives no message when engraved with a base price of 100zm is a [[wand of nothing]].
  
−
===Identifying spellbooks===
+
===Spellbooks===
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
<div class="toccolours">
−
|+ '''Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later'''
+
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible"
−
!Base Cost!!Cha<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Spellbook types
+
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later'''
 +
!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Spellbook types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)|| Level 1 books: {{spell of|force bolt}}, {{spell of|protection}}, {{spell of|detect monsters}}, {{spell of|light}}, {{spell of|sleep}}, {{spell of|jumping}}, {{spell of|healing}}, {{spell of|knock}}
+
| 100 ||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/119)||50 (67/89)||50 (38)|| Level 1 books: {{spellbook of|force bolt|protection|detect monsters|light|sleep}}, {{spellbook of|jumping|healing|knock}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||267 (356/474)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||100 (75)|| Level 2 books: {{spell of|magic missile}}, {{spell of|drain life}}, {{spell of|create monster}}, {{spell of|detect food}}, {{spell of|confuse monster}}, {{spell of|slow monster}}, {{spell of|cure blindness}}, {{spell of|wizard lock}}
+
| 200 ||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||267 (356/474)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||133 (178/237)||100 (133/178)||100 (75)|| Level 2 books: {{spellbook of|magic missile|drain life|create monster|detect food|confuse monster}}, {{spellbook of|slow monster|cure blindness|wizard lock}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300 ||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/267)||150 (113)|| Level 3 books: {{spell of|remove curse}}, {{spell of|clairvoyance}}, {{spell of|detect unseen}}, {{spell of|identify}}, {{spell of|cause fear}}, {{spell of|charm monster}}, {{spell of|haste self}}, {{spell of|cure sickness}}, {{spell of|extra healing}}, {{spell of|stone to flesh}}
+
| 300 ||600 ('''800'''/'''1067''')||450 ('''600'''/'''800''')||400 ('''533'''/'''711''')||300 ('''400'''/'''533''')||225 ('''300'''/'''400''')||200 ('''267'''/'''356''')||150 ('''200'''/'''267''')||'''150''' (113)|| Level 3 books: {{spellbook of|remove curse|clairvoyance|detect unseen|identify|cause fear}}, {{spellbook of|charm monster|haste self|cure sickness|extra healing|stone to flesh}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 400 ||800 (1067/1422)||600 (800/1067)||533 (711/948)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||267 (356/474)||200 (267/356)||200 (150)|| Level 4 books: {{spell of|cone of cold}}, {{spell of|fireball}}, {{spell of|detect treasure}}, {{spell of|invisibility}}, {{spell of|levitation}}, {{spell of|restore ability}}
+
| 400 ||'''800''' ('''1067'''/1422)||'''600''' ('''800'''/1067)||'''533''' ('''711'''/948)||'''400''' ('''533'''/711)||'''300''' ('''400'''/533)||'''267''' ('''356'''/474)||'''200''' ('''267'''/356)||200 ('''150''')|| Level 4 books: {{spellbook of|cone of cold|fireball|detect treasure|invisibility|levitation}}, {{spellbook of|restore ability}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 500 ||1000 (1333/1778)||750 (1000/1333)||667 (889/1185)||500 (667/889)||375 (500/667)||333 (444/593)||250 (333/444)||250 (188)|| Level 5 books: {{spell of|magic mapping}}, {{spell of|dig}}
+
| 500 ||1000 (1333/1778)||750 (1000/1333)||667 (889/1185)||500 (667/889)||375 (500/667)||333 (444/593)||250 (333/444)||250 (188)|| Level 5 books: {{spellbook of|magic mapping|dig}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 600 ||1200 (1600/2133)||900 (1200/1600)||800 (1067/1422)||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||300 (225)|| Level 6 books: {{spell of|create familiar}}, {{spell of|turn undead}}, {{spell of|teleport away}}, {{spell of|polymorph}}
+
| 600 ||1200 (1600/2133)||900 (1200/1600)||800 (1067/1422)||600 (800/1067)||450 (600/800)||400 (533/711)||300 (400/533)||300 (225)|| Level 6 books: {{spellbook of|create familiar|turn undead|teleport away|polymorph}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 700 ||1400 (1867/2489)||1050 (1400/1867)||933 (1244/1659)||700 (933/1244)||525 (700/933)||467 (622/830)||350 (467/622)||350 (263)|| Level 7 books: {{spell of|finger of death}}, {{spell of|cancellation}}
+
| 700 ||1400 (1867/2489)||1050 (1400/1867)||933 (1244/1659)||700 (933/1244)||525 (700/933)||467 (622/830)||350 (467/622)||350 (263)|| Level 7 books: {{spellbook of|finger of death|cancellation}}
 
|}
 
|}
 +
</div>
  
 
Determining the level of a spellbook can be very useful for spellcasters, since it can eliminate books that are much too high level to be read, and reveal books that should be easy to read. However, knowing the level of a spellbook is not very helpful unless the book is also [[BUC]] identified.
 
Determining the level of a spellbook can be very useful for spellcasters, since it can eliminate books that are much too high level to be read, and reveal books that should be easy to read. However, knowing the level of a spellbook is not very helpful unless the book is also [[BUC]] identified.
  
−
==SLASH'EM==
+
===Amulets===
 +
All amulets cost 150zm and weigh 20, so they cannot be distinguished using price identification.
 +
 
 +
==Variants==
 +
===SLASH'EM===
 
Price identification is more complicated in [[SLASH'EM]], partly due to the addition of several new items, and partly due to discriminatory role-based markups:  
 
Price identification is more complicated in [[SLASH'EM]], partly due to the addition of several new items, and partly due to discriminatory role-based markups:  
−
*[[Barbarian]]s pay 3x the base price ("Barbarians are gullible")
+
*[[Barbarian]]s pay triple the base price ("Barbarians are gullible")
−
*[[Rogue]]s pay 2x the base price ("Rogues are untrustworthy")
+
*[[Rogue]]s pay double the base price ("Rogues are untrustworthy")
−
*[[Samurai]] pay 2x the base price ("Samurai are from out of town")
+
*[[Samurai]] pay double the base price ("Samurai are from out of town")
  
−
Furthermore, in the [[Black market (SLASH'EM)|black market]], magical items cost 50x the base price, and nonmagical items cost 25x the base price. These markups are applied in this order, after any relevant unidentified item surcharge, sucker markup, and charisma modifier.
+
Furthermore, in the [[Black market (SLASH'EM)|black market]], magical items cost 50 times the base price, and nonmagical items cost 25 times the base price. These markups are applied in this order, after any relevant unidentified item surcharge, sucker markup, and charisma modifier.
  
−
Relevant parts of above tables that change are as follows:
+
Relevant parts of above tables that change are given in the table below.
−
{|class="prettytable"
+
 
−
!Category!!Base Cost!![[Charisma|Cha]]<6!!Cha 6-7!!Cha 8-10!!Cha 11-15!!Cha 16-17!!Cha 18!!Cha>18!!Selling price!!Item types
+
<div class="toccolours">
 +
{|class="prettytable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
 +
|+ class="nowrap" style="text-align:left" |'''Prices in SLASH'EM'''
 +
!Category!!Base cost!![[Charisma|Cha]] <span class="nowrap">&le; 5</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">6–7</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">8–10</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">11–15</span>!!Cha <span class="nowrap">16–17</span>!!Cha 18!!Cha <span class="nowrap">&ge; 19</span>!!Selling price!!Item types
 
|-
 
|-
−
| rowspan="2" | '''Rings''' || 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||[[ring of adornment|adornment]], [[ring of hunger|hunger]]*, '''[[mood ring|mood]]''', [[ring of protection|protection]], [[ring of protection from shape changers|protection from shape changers]], '''[[ring of sleeping|sleeping]]'''* [[ring of stealth|stealth]], [[ring of sustain ability|sustain ability]], [[ring of warning|warning]]
+
| rowspan="2" | '''Rings''' || 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||{{ring of|adornment|hunger}}*, '''[[mood ring|mood]]''', {{ring of|protection|protection from shape changers}}, '''{{ring of|sleeping}}'''* {{ring of|stealth|sustain ability|warning}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||[[ring of aggravate monster|aggravate monster]]*, [[ring of cold resistance|cold resistance]], [[ring of gain constitution|gain constitution]], '''[[ring of gain dexterity|gain dexterity]]''', '''[[ring of gain intelligence|gain intelligence]]''', [[ring of gain strength|gain strength]], '''[[ring of gain wisdom|gain wisdom]]''', [[ring of increase accuracy|increase accuracy]], [[ring of increase damage|increase damage]], [[ring of invisibility|invisibility]], [[ring of poison resistance|poison resistance]], [[ring of see invisible|see invisible]], [[ring of shock resistance|shock resistance]]
+
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||{{ring of|aggravate monster}}*, {{ring of|cold resistance|gain constitution}}, '''{{ring of|gain dexterity}}''', '''{{ring of|gain intelligence}}''', {{ring of|gain strength}}, '''{{ring of|gain wisdom}}''', {{ring of|increase accuracy|increase damage|invisibility|poison resistance|see invisible}}, {{ring of|shock resistance}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| rowspan="4" | '''Wands''' || 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||[[wand of digging|digging]], [[wand of enlightenment|enlightenment]], '''[[wand of healing|healing]]''', [[wand of locking|locking]], [[wand of magic missile|magic missile]], [[wand of make invisible|make invisible]], [[wand of opening|opening]], [[wand of probing|probing]], [[wand of secret door detection|secret door detection]], [[wand of slow monster|slow monster]], [[wand of speed monster|speed monster]], [[wand of striking|striking]], [[wand of undead turning|undead turning]]
+
| rowspan="4" | '''Wands''' || 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||{{wand of|digging|enlightenment}}, '''{{wand of|healing}}''', {{wand of|locking|magic missile|make invisible|opening|probing}}, {{wand of|secret door detection|slow monster|speed monster|striking|undead turning}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 175 ||350 (466/620)||262 (349/465)||233 (310/413)||175 (233/310)||132 (175/233)||117 (156/207)||87 (116/155)||87 (66)||[[wand of cold|cold]], '''[[wand of draining|draining]]''', [[wand of fire|fire]], [[wand of lightning|lightning]], [[wand of sleep|sleep]]
+
| 175 ||350 (466/620)||262 (349/465)||233 (310/413)||175 (233/310)||132 (175/233)||117 (156/207)||87 (116/155)||87 (66)||{{wand of|cold}}, '''{{wand of|draining}}''', {{wand of|fire|lightning|sleep}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (354/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||[[wand of cancellation|cancellation]], [[wand of create monster|create monster]], '''[[wand of fear|fear]]''', [[wand of polymorph|polymorph]], [[wand of teleportation|teleportation]]
+
| 200 ||400 (532/708)||300 (399/531)||266 (354/472)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||134 (178/236)||100 (133/177)||100 (75)||{{wand of|cancellation|create monster}}, '''{{wand of|fear}}''', {{wand of|polymorph|teleportation}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300  ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||'''[[wand of create horde|create horde]]''', '''[[wand of extra healing|extra healing]]''', '''[[wand of fireball|fireball]]'''
+
| 300  ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||'''{{wand of|create horde}}''', '''{{wand of|extra healing}}''', '''{{wand of|fireball}}'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| rowspan="5" | '''Potions''' || 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)|| '''[[potion of blood|blood]]''' ("blood-red"), [[potion of booze|booze]], [[potion of fruit juice|fruit juice]], [[potion of see invisible|see invisible]], [[potion of sickness|sickness]]
+
| rowspan="5" | '''Potions''' || 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)|| '''{{potion of|blood}}''' ("blood-red potion"), {{potion of|booze|fruit juice|see invisible|sickness}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||'''[[potion of amnesia|amnesia]]''' ("sparkling"), '''[[potion of clairvoyance|clairvoyance]]''', [[potion of confusion|confusion]], [[potion of extra healing|extra healing]], [[potion of hallucination|hallucination]], [[potion of healing|healing]], [[potion of holy water|holy water]] ("[blessed] clear potion"), [[potion of unholy water|unholy water]] ("[cursed] clear potion"), [[potion of restore ability|restore ability]], [[potion of sleeping|sleeping]]
+
| 100 ||200 (266/354)||150 (199/265)||133 (177/236)||100 (133/177)||75 (100/133)||67 (89/118)||50 (66/88)||50 (38)||'''{{potion of|amnesia}}''' ("sparkling potion"), '''{{potion of|clairvoyance}}''', {{potion of|confusion|extra healing|hallucination|healing|holy water}} ("blessed clear potion"), {{potion of|unholy water}} ("cursed clear potion"), {{potion of|restore ability|sleeping}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||[[potion of blindness|blindness]], '''[[potion of ESP|ESP]]''', [[potion of gain energy|gain energy]], [[potion of invisibility|invisibility]], [[potion of monster detection|monster detection]], [[potion of object detection|object detection]]
+
| 150 ||300 (400/532)||225 (300/399)||200 (266/354)||150 (200/266)||113 (150/200)||100 (134/178)||75 (100/133)||75 (57)||{{potion of|blindness}}, '''{{potion of|ESP}}''', {{potion of|gain energy|invisibility|monster detection|object detection}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300  ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||[[potion of gain ability|gain ability]], [[potion of gain level|gain level]], '''[[potion of invulnerability|invulnerability]]''', [[potion of paralysis|paralysis]]
+
| 300  ||600 (800/1066)||450 (600/799)||400 (533/710)||300 (400/533)||225 (300/400)||200 (267/356)||150 (200/266)||150 (113)||{{potion of|gain ability|gain level}}, '''{{potion of|invulnerability}}''', {{potion of|paralysis}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 350  ||700 (932/1242)||525 (699/931)||466 (621/828)||350 (466/621)||263 (350/466)||234 (311/414)||175 (233/310)||175 (132)||'''[[potion of vampire blood|vampire blood]]''' ("blood-red")
+
| 350  ||700 (932/1242)||525 (699/931)||466 (621/828)||350 (466/621)||263 (350/466)||234 (311/414)||175 (233/310)||175 (132)||'''{{potion of|vampire blood}}''' ("blood-red potion")
 
|-
 
|-
 
| rowspan="2" | '''Robes''' || 25 ||50 (66/88)||37 (49/66)||33 (44/58)||25 (33/44)||19 (25/33)||17 (22/30)||12 (16/22)||12 (9)||[[robe]]
 
| rowspan="2" | '''Robes''' || 25 ||50 (66/88)||37 (49/66)||33 (44/58)||25 (33/44)||19 (25/33)||17 (22/30)||12 (16/22)||12 (9)||[[robe]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||[[robe of power]], [[robe of protection]], [[robe of weakness]]
+
| 50 ||100 (132/176)||75 (99/132)||66 (88/117)||50 (66/88)||38 (50/66)||34 (44/59)||25 (33/44)||25 (19)||{{of|robe|power|protection|weakness}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| rowspan="2" | '''Cloaks''' || 40 ||80 (106/140)||60 (79/105)||53 (70/93)||40 (53/70)||30 (40/53)||27 (36/47)||20 (26/35)||20 (15)||[[orcish cloak|orcish]] ("coarse mantelet"), '''[[poisonous cloak|poisonous]]''', [[leather cloak|leather]]
+
| rowspan="2" | '''Cloaks''' || 40 ||80 (106/140)||60 (79/105)||53 (70/93)||40 (53/70)||30 (40/53)||27 (36/47)||20 (26/35)||20 (15)||[[leather cloak|leather]], [[orcish cloak|orcish]] ("coarse mantelet"), '''[[poisonous cloak|poisonous]]'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 60 ||120 (160/212)||90 (120/159)||80 (106/141)||60 (80/106)||45 (60/80)||40 (54/71)||30 (40/53)||30 (23)||[[elven cloak|elven]] ("faded pall"), [[cloak of invisibility|invisibility]], '''[[lab coat]]''' ("white coat"), [[cloak of magic resistance|magic resistance]]
+
| 60 ||120 (160/212)||90 (120/159)||80 (106/141)||60 (80/106)||45 (60/80)||40 (54/71)||30 (40/53)||30 (23)||[[elven cloak|elven]] ("faded pall"), {{of|cloak|invisibility}}, '''[[lab coat]]''' ("white coat"), {{of|cloak|magic resistance}}
 
|}
 
|}
 +
</div>
 +
 +
===GruntHack===
 +
In [[GruntHack]], shopkeepers that hate your race increase the buy price of every item by 33% (multiplying by {{frac|4|3}}), and cut the sell price of every item by 66% (dividing by 3). The base price of any item is increased if it has [[object properties]]: 100 for one property, 500 for two properties, 1000 for three properties, and so on.
 +
 +
Additionally, whenever in a shop you can view the prices of any items you have within a container you own in your inventory, even if the shop would not normally take that type of item.
 +
 +
===UnNetHack===
 +
In [[UnNetHack]], the random 25% reduction of selling price is applied per shop, rather than per item. Additionally, Tourists have a {{frac|3}} chance of all items in a shop being identified the first time they enter it.
 +
 +
===FIQHack===
 +
In [[FIQHack]], all items in shops are automatically identified for Tourists, including items that you sell to shopkeepers.
 +
 +
== History ==
 +
In [[NetHack 3.4.3]], the random modifiers for unidentified items also applied to identified items; all surcharges and price reductions are also applied sequentially, using integer arithmetic. For example, if a character with charisma 7 buying an item with base price of 100 is charged an unidentified surcharge, the shopkeeper's price is calculated as follows:
 +
*100 base price
 +
*{{frac|4|3}} unidentified surcharge multiplier = 100 × {{frac|4|3}} = 133
 +
*{{frac|3|2}} charisma multiplier = 133 × {{frac|3|2}} = 199
  
−
==UnNetHack==
+
In 3.6.* versions, the calculation accumulates integer multipliers and divisors for all adjustments, then applies these once at the end to get the effective price. Thus for the same example, the calculation will be:
−
The random 25% reduction of selling price applied to the '''whole shop'''. That means if an item sells 3/8 of its base price, everything you sold in this shop recieved 25% less money(or credit, if the shopkeeper has no money).
+
* ({{frac|4|3}}) × ({{frac|3|2}}) = {{frac|12|6}}
 +
* 100 × {{frac|12|6}} = 200
  
−
==GruntHack==
+
This sometimes results in prices 1 to 2 zorkmids higher or lower than would be obtained in previous versions. The stated intention of this change is to make price identification harder by ensuring that the price of items marked up twice more often equals another base price, e.g. 200zm instead of 199zm. Another consequence of this method is that the order in which adjustments are applied no longer matters.
−
In [[GruntHack]], shopkeepers that hate your race increase the buy price of every item by 33% (multiplying by 4/3), and cut the sell price of every item by 66% (dividing by 3).
 
  
−
Also, the base price of any item is increased if it has [[object properties]]: by 100 for one property, 500 for two properties, 1000 for three properties, and so on.
+
Before NetHack 3.6.1, the random modifier for selling unidentified items was determined per-sale, not per-shopkeeper. By repeatedly dropping the item, declining the sale, and picking it up again, you'd eventually get two different quotes, the higher of which was the correct one.
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
−
== External links ==
+
==External links==
−
*[http://nethack.roy.org/clippy/clippy.pl Clippy] is a handy tool to identify an item.
+
Various external tools exist for the purpose of aiding in price IDing:
−
*[http://nethack.gridbug.de/prices.html Determine Objects by their Price] works similar. It is more accurate because takes some more corner cases into account, but less broad because it works for the magical items ? ! / = + only.
+
*[http://nethack.roy.org/clippy/clippy.pl Clippy]
−
*The [http://www.spod-central.org/~psmith/nh/tabs-343.txt consolidated item tables] lists the base price of every single item.
+
*[http://nethack.gridbug.de/prices.html Determine Objects by their Price], which is more accurate due to taking some more corner cases into account, but less broad because it only works magical items and excludes weapons, armor, tools, and gems.
−
*[http://alt.org/nethack/mirror/www.steelypips.org/nethack/shopping.html NetHack Shopping Spoiler]
+
*[https://alt.org/nethack/mirror/www.spod-central.org/%257Epsmith/nh/tabs-343.txt Consolidated item tables] on [[alt.org]], which are 3.4.3-specific and lists the base price of every single item (which has not changed since)
−
*[http://raech.net/price/ DizzyPrice] is an open source price identification tool updated to the new rounding method for NetHack 3.6.0.
+
*[http://alt.org/nethack/mirror/www.steelypips.org/nethack/shopping.html NetHack Shopping Spoiler], another 3.4.3-specific resource mirrored on alt.org
 +
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190915223059/http://raech.net/price/index.php DizzyPrice] via archive.org, an open-source price ID tool updated to the new rounding method for the NetHack 3.6.0 series.
 +
*[https://nethackathon.org/annotate/ #annotate at NetHackathon], a companion app that contains a price ID tool and several other note-taking features
 +
{{nethack-366}}
 
[[Category:Strategy]]
 
[[Category:Strategy]]
 
[[Category:Identification]]
 
[[Category:Identification]]
−
{{nethack-360}}
 

Latest revision as of 16:05, 18 February 2024

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Price identification is the tactic of using the price of an item in NetHack to informally identify it. One can use the "buy price", the price of an item in shops, or the "sell price", the price that a shopkeeper offers when you try to sell an item. The sell price is easier to use because the buy price includes an unpredictable random factor that may disguise certain prices as other ones. Even if you have enough scrolls of identify and no conducts in mind, pricing lets you use those scrolls to prioritize the most important items.

NetHack 3.6.0 and 3.6.1 introduced changes to the price mechanics that make older price guides slightly inaccurate. The tables in § Price tables are duplicated for the 3.4.3 and 3.6.0 mechanics. If you're playing an older version and not using the tables, see the § History section before drawing conclusions based on prices.

Price derivation

Base price

Each item in NetHack has a base price, which is modified in various ways to produce the final selling price. Positively-enchanted weapons and armor have an additional 10 zm added to their base price for every point of enchantment.

Some items are considered "worthless":

Worthless items cannot be sold, but their buying price is calculated as though they have a base price of 5 zm. Unidentified valuable gems and worthless glass are always bought as though they were valuable, and sold for only a few zorkmids, regardless of their "true" value, so price identification cannot be used to distinguish them. Gray stones are priced like other items, so you can price-identify them.

Buying

When you buy an item, you are charged the base price, modified as follows. All multipliers are applied in sequence:

  • Your charisma grants a modifier to the buying price.[1]
Charisma: ≤ 5 6–7 8–10 11–15 16–17 18 ≥ 19
Buy price multiplier: 2 11⁄2 11⁄3 1 3⁄4 2⁄3 1⁄2
  • Some characters are considered "suckers", and will be charged 1⁄3 more. You are a sucker if:[2]
  • When buying unidentified objects, in 1⁄4 of cases the shopkeeper will charge 1⁄3 more. This surcharge is tied to the individual item or stack; merged stacks will inherit the higher of the two prices, while split stacks will inherit the price of the original stack.

Selling

When you sell an item, you are normally offered 1⁄2 the base price; if you're a sucker, as above, you are offered 1⁄3 the base price instead. 1⁄4 of shopkeepers will pay 1⁄4 less for unidentified objects. This modifier is consistent for a given shopkeeper, so you can determine whether a given shopkeeper is affected by selling an informally-identified item. Note that if the shopkeeper doesn't have enough gold to cover the sale price, they'll only offer as much gold as they have, which can confuse the identification process. A shopkeeper with no gold will offer credit equal to 90% of the sale price, which you can multiply by 10⁄9 to determine the correct sale price.

Further strategies

General stores are very useful for price identification because they will offer to buy all types of items. However, you can still price-identify any object (unbreakable or in a bag of holding) in any store by throwing the item into the shop from outside. If the item is fragile, you can have your pet carry it in, in a container if the item is cursed. Beware that this will relinquish ownership of the item (and the container, if any) to the shopkeeper, who will then try to sell it to you. You will need to pay the asking price or steal the item to get it back, but in a pinch, this can provide a price for an object that the shopkeeper would not normally be interested in.

Some items in an item class are 4/3 the price of other items in the class, which can give ambiguous results when buying if the random surcharge applies. A 60zm scroll of enchant weapon could appear to be one of the 80zm scrolls, a level 3 spellbook can appear to be level 4, and there are many 150zm items that can seem to be 200zm. Selling items is more reliable in this case because the random selling modifier applies to the shopkeeper; if selling an item results in what appears to be an impossible price, you know that this shopkeeper is "greedy", and all other selling prices from them can be adjusted accordingly.

Common uses

The item which is most commonly price-IDed is the scroll of identify, which is far cheaper than the other scrolls. In addition, magic lamps cost more than oil lamps, and enchanted armor costs more than their unenchanted versions.

Price-IDing can also be useful to identify bad items. The scroll of amnesia has a base price of 200zm, ten times as much as a scroll of identify. A potion of sickness has a base price of 50zm, a potion of hallucination 100zm, and a potion of blindness 150zm.

Non-Wizards will find it helpful to price-identify the difficulty level of spellbooks to determine whether they are safe to read. The base price of a spellbook is 100 zorkmids times its difficulty level. The derived sell price is half that.

Stealing powerful wands

An expensive wand (base price 500zm) is either wishing or death. In general, you should have a pet steal such an item; if you don't have a pet, both wands are well worth buying. If you have neither a pet nor the gold, either should be pretty easy to obtain: throw a tripe or food ration at a wild dog or cat, or sell junk to the shopkeeper.

One might be tempted to zap the wand (wishing for a wand of death if it's a wand of wishing) at the shopkeeper, but for early characters, this is a bad idea: the death ray might miss, which can easily lead to a quick YASD, given shopkeepers' speed and damage output. Furthermore, wishing for a wand of death from a wand of wishing is generally a waste anyways, given that by the time you really need one, you can get the one Orcus carries. If you're truly concerned about your character's ability to survive long enough to buy or steal the wand, wishing for 5000 gold pieces is a safe way to be able to do so, though it is also a waste of a wish. If you really want to kill the shopkeeper, wish for a blessed figurine of an Archon, though be aware that this has a 10% chance of backfiring.

Price tables

In the tables below, the buying price is followed by two numbers in parentheses. The first number in parentheses is the higher price if you are charged either the unidentified surcharge or the sucker markup. The second is the price with both of those surcharges. The selling price is also followed by a number in parentheses: this is the offer you may get with the randomly applied discount. Numbers in bold are prices that do not allow a unique inference of the base price.

Magical armor

Boots

Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Boot types
8 16 (20/26) 12 (15/19) 10 (13/17) 8 (10/13) 6 (8/10) 6 (7/9) 4 (5/6) 4 (3) elven boots, kicking boots
30 60 (80/106) 45 (60/79) 40 (53/70) 30 (40/53) 23 (30/40) 20 (27/36) 15 (20/26) 15 (12) fumble boots, levitation boots
50 100 (132/176) 75 (99/132) 66 (88/117) 50 (66/88) 38 (50/66) 34 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) jumping boots, speed boots, water walking boots
Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Boot types
8 16 (21/28) 12 (16/21) 11 (14/19) 8 (11/14) 6 (8/11) 5 (7/9) 4 (5/7) 4 (3) elven boots, kicking boots
30 60 (80/107) 45 (60/80) 40 (53/71) 30 (40/53) 23 (30/40) 20 (27/36) 15 (20/27) 15 (11) fumble boots, levitation boots
50 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 38 (50/67) 33 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) jumping boots, speed boots, water walking boots

Fumble boots and levitation boots are both 30zm, but are of different weights. They are often cursed.

Speed boots, jumping boots, and water walking boots are all priced at 50zm. They are easily identified once worn: speed boots auto-identify if you are not already very fast (potion of speed or haste self spell), jumping boots allow you to jump, and boots of water walking are otherwise mundane.

Elven boots cause you to "walk very quietly" and self-identify if you are not already stealthy. Kicking boots are made of metal, and consequently add to spell failure percentage.

Cloaks

Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Cloak types
2 10 (12/16) 7 (9/12) 6 (8/10) 5 (6/8) 4 (5/6) 4 (4/6) 2 (3/4) 1 mummy wrapping
40 80 (106/140) 60 (79/105) 53 (70/93) 40 (53/70) 30 (40/53) 27 (36/47) 20 (26/35) 20 (15) leather, orcish ("coarse mantelet")
50 100 (132/176) 75 (99/132) 66 (88/117) 50 (66/88) 38 (50/66) 34 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) alchemy smock ("apron"), displacement, dwarvish ("hooded cloak"), oilskin ("slippery cloak"), protection, robe ("robe")
60 120 (160/212) 90 (120/159) 80 (106/141) 60 (80/106) 45 (60/80) 40 (54/71) 30 (40/53) 30 (23) elven ("faded pall"), invisibility, magic resistance
Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Cloak types
2 10 (13/18) 8 (10/13) 7 (9/12) 5 (7/9) 4 (5/7) 3 (4/6) 3 (3/4) 1 (1) mummy wrapping
40 80 (107/142) 60 (80/107) 53 (71/95) 40 (53/71) 30 (40/53) 27 (36/47) 20 (27/36) 20 (15) leather, orcish ("coarse mantelet")
50 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 38 (50/67) 33 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) alchemy smock ("apron"), displacement, dwarvish ("hooded cloak"), oilskin ("slippery cloak"), protection, robe ("robe")
60 120 (160/213) 90 (120/160) 80 (107/142) 60 (80/107) 45 (60/80) 40 (53/71) 30 (40/53) 30 (23) elven ("faded pall"), invisibility, magic resistance

The cloaks of displacement and protection both cost 50zm, and are the only ones at that price with a randomized appearance. If a cloak costs 60zm and has a randomized appearance, then it is either invisibility, magic resistance, or a +1 cloak of the first two types.

Other armor

All magical randomized helms (brilliance, opposite alignment, and telepathy) cost 50zm; the helmet costs 10zm.

All magical gloves (dexterity, fumbling, and power) cost 50zm; leather gloves cost 8zm.

Positive enchantment on a piece of armor increases the base price by 10zm per point of enchantment. In theory, a +2 or better pair of fumble boots might be confused for one of the much more useful 50zm boots, but the probability for positive enchantments on harmful items is too low to be worth worrying about.

Scrolls

Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Scroll types
20 40 (52/68) 30 (39/51) 26 (34/45) 20 (26/34) 15 (20/26) 14 (18/23) 10 (13/17) 10 (8) identify
50 100 (132/176) 75 (99/132) 66 (88/117) 50 (66/88) 38 (50/66) 34 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) light
60 120 (160/212) 90 (120/159) 80 (106/141) 60 (80/106) 45 (60/80) 40 (54/71) 30 (40/53) 30 (23) blank paper ("unlabeled scroll"), enchant weapon
80 160 (212/282) 120 (159/211) 106 (141/188) 80 (106/141) 60 (80/106) 54 (71/94) 40 (53/70) 40 (30) enchant armor, remove curse
100 200 (266/354) 150 (199/265) 133 (177/236) 100 (133/177) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/118) 50 (66/88) 50 (38) confuse monster, destroy armor, fire, food detection, gold detection, magic mapping, scare monster, teleportation
200 400 (532/708) 300 (399/531) 266 (354/472) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 134 (178/236) 100 (133/177) 100 (75) amnesia, create monster, earth, taming
300 600 (800/1066) 450 (600/799) 400 (533/710) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/266) 150 (113) charging, genocide, punishment, stinking cloud
Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Scroll types
20 40 (53/71) 30 (40/53) 27 (36/47) 20 (27/36) 15 (20/27) 13 (18/24) 10 (13/18) 10 (8) identify
50 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 38 (50/67) 33 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) light
60 120 (160/213) 90 (120/160) 80 (107/142) 60 (80/107) 45 (60/80) 40 (53/71) 30 (40/53) 30 (23) blank paper ("unlabeled scroll"), enchant weapon
80 160 (213/284) 120 (160/213) 107 (142/190) 80 (107/142) 60 (80/107) 53 (71/95) 40 (53/71) 40 (30) enchant armor, remove curse
100 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 50 (38) confuse monster, destroy armor, fire, food detection, gold detection, magic mapping, scare monster, teleportation
200 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 267 (356/474) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 100 (75) amnesia, create monster, earth, taming
300 600 (800/1067) 450 (600/800) 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 150 (113) charging, genocide, punishment, stinking cloud

If the scroll costs 20zm, 50zm, or 60zm, it is uniquely identified. Identification of more expensive scrolls usually involves using the spell or scroll of identify. If you choose to read an unknown scroll, you should always make sure the unknown scroll is not cursed, and never read it while confused.

If the scroll costs 80zm, it is either enchant armor or remove curse. Both are harmless, unless the scroll is cursed or you are confused. Before reading, you may want to bless the scroll, wear only armor you want to enchant, and hold all the cursed items you want to uncurse.

Among scrolls that cost 100zm, there are two dangerous scrolls, fire and destroy armor. Before reading, to protect from ill effects of the former, put all your scrolls, potions, and spellbooks into a container, or into a closet, or leave them on a different level, or just leave them at least 2 squares from you (but then you should beware of the danger of them being picked up by a monster if you encountered a scroll of teleportation. To protect from ill effects of both scrolls, make sure all your armor, except a shirt covered by a body armor or cloak, and body armor covered by a cloak, is something you can afford to lose.

If the scroll costs 200zm, the only dangerous scroll is amnesia, but it is really bad, and you cannot protect from it. Unless you have identified the scroll of amnesia, don't read an unknown 200-zorkmid scroll. Identify it by other means.

If the scroll costs 300zm, the only dangerous scroll is punishment. In Nethack 3.4.3, there is a simple way to get rid of the heavy iron ball, involving a pit and a boulder, but since 3.6.0, it doesn't work. Don't read the scroll unless you have a non-cursed scroll of remove curse or a wand of opening, or unless you know and can cast a knock spell, or can polymorph into a nymph or metallivore. Alternatively, you can bless the scroll and then read it. Blessed scrolls of punishment are harmless, and blessed scrolls of genocide and charging are more powerful than uncursed scrolls. Finally, if you are absolutely sure it is not a scroll of genocide, you can read it while confused. Beware! Reading a scroll of genocide while confused would genocide your own race, thus killing you, even if you are wearing an amulet of life saving.

Potions

Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Potion types
0 10 (12/16) 7 (9/12) 6 (8/10) 5 (6/8) 4 (5/6) 4 (4/6) 2 (3/4) 0 water (uncursed)
50 100 (132/176) 75 (99/132) 66 (88/117) 50 (66/88) 38 (50/66) 34 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) booze, fruit juice, see invisible, sickness
100 200 (266/354) 150 (199/265) 133 (177/236) 100 (133/177) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/118) 50 (66/88) 50 (38) confusion, extra healing, hallucination, healing, holy water ("blessed clear potion"), unholy water ("cursed clear potion"), restore ability, sleeping
150 300 (400/532) 225 (300/399) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 113 (150/200) 100 (134/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (57) blindness, gain energy, invisibility, monster detection, object detection
200 400 (532/708) 300 (399/531) 266 (354/472) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 134 (178/236) 100 (133/177) 100 (75) enlightenment, full healing, levitation, polymorph, speed
250 500 (666/888) 375 (499/666) 333 (444/592) 250 (333/444) 188 (250/333) 167 (222/296) 125 (166/222) 125 (94) acid, oil
300 600 (800/1066) 450 (600/799) 400 (533/710) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/266) 150 (113) gain ability, gain level, paralysis
Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Potion types
0 10 (13/18) 8 (10/13) 7 (9/12) 5 (7/9) 4 (5/7) 3 (4/6) 3 (3/4) 0 (0) water (uncursed)
50 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 38 (50/67) 33 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) booze, fruit juice, see invisible, sickness
100 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 50 (38) confusion, extra healing, hallucination, healing, holy water ("blessed clear potion"), unholy water ("cursed clear potion"), restore ability, sleeping
150 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 113 (150/200) 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (56) blindness, gain energy, invisibility, monster detection, object detection
200 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 267 (356/474) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 100 (75) enlightenment, full healing, levitation, polymorph, speed
250 500 (667/889) 375 (500/667) 333 (444/593) 250 (333/444) 188 (250/333) 167 (222/296) 125 (167/222) 125 (94) acid, oil
300 600 (800/1067) 450 (600/800) 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 150 (113) gain ability, gain level, paralysis

If the potion is water (clear potion), price gives some information about its beatitude. If the price is 0, the water is uncursed; otherwise it is either holy or unholy water.

If the price is 250zm, you can ensure it is not cursed, then try to apply it. If it is a potion of oil, it will be lit. Do not do this when the potion is owned by a shop, or you will be forced to pay for the potion and will be charged Yendorian Fuel Tax.

Otherwise, price identification of a potion usually includes quaffing it. See Potion § Price identification then quaffing for more information.

The following information pertains to an upcoming version (NetHack 3.7.0). If this version is now released, please verify that it is still accurate, then update the page to incorporate this information.

As of commit 62fb8759, potion of healing costs 20.

Rings

Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Ring types
100 200 (266/354) 150 (199/265) 133 (177/236) 100 (133/177) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/118) 50 (66/88) 50 (38) adornment, hunger*, protection, protection from shape changers, stealth, sustain ability, warning
150 300 (400/532) 225 (300/399) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 113 (150/200) 100 (134/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (57) aggravate monster*, cold resistance, gain constitution, gain strength, increase accuracy, increase damage, invisibility, poison resistance, see invisible, shock resistance
200 400 (532/708) 300 (399/531) 266 (354/472) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 134 (178/236) 100 (133/177) 100 (75) fire resistance, free action, levitation, regeneration, searching, slow digestion, teleportation*
300 600 (800/1066) 450 (600/799) 400 (533/710) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/266) 150 (113) conflict, polymorph*, polymorph control, teleport control
Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Ring types
100 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 50 (38) adornment, hunger*, protection, protection from shape changers, stealth, sustain ability, warning
150 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 113 (150/200) 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (56) aggravate monster*, cold resistance, gain constitution, gain strength, increase accuracy, increase damage, invisibility, poison resistance, see invisible, shock resistance
200 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 267 (356/474) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 100 (75) fire resistance, free action, levitation, regeneration, searching, slow digestion, teleportation*
300 600 (800/1067) 450 (600/800) 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 150 (113) conflict, polymorph*, polymorph control, teleport control

An asterisk (*) indicates that this ring is generated cursed 90% of the time.

The most useful rings to price-identify are the most expensive and most powerful rings: the 200zm and 300zm rings.

All 200zm rings, provided they are non-cursed, are useful and safe to wear. These include the rings of free action, slow digestion, searching, levitation, regeneration, fire resistance and teleportation. It is important to only wear rings from this group known to be non-cursed, since uncontrolled teleportitis or a cursed ring of levitation may be hazardous. The ring of levitation auto-identifies when worn; the effects of the other 200zm rings, with the probable exceptions of fire resistance or teleportation if you already have the intrinsics, will eventually become clear if you wear the rings. The ring of regeneration can also be quickly tested for: wear it, throw a (preferably non-breakable) object up to lose a few hit points, and watch if you re-gain them every turn.

The 300zm rings include the rings of conflict, teleport control, polymorph, and polymorph control. The first two are among the most coveted items in the game and are frequent wish targets, however the ring of polymorph means that 300zm rings are not generally safe to wear. Conflict can still be easily identified by wearing it for a turn or two around a peaceful monster (remember that a shopkeeper, aligned priest, or your Quest leader are probably not wise choices). Teleport control can also be identified by putting on the ring and triggering a teleport (via trap, scroll, wand, etc.) If your 300zm ring is neither of these, do not wear it; use a scroll, spell, a handy sink or a source of enlightenment to reliably identify the other 300zm rings. Alternately, a riskier method of determining whether a 300zm ring is safe to wear is simply to wear it for a few hundred turns without wearing a shirt, cloak, or body armor (or wearing junk armor); that way, if you polymorph you will not break your useful armor.

Wands

Prices in NetHack 3.4.3 and earlier
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Wand types
100 200 (266/354) 150 (199/265) 133 (177/236) 100 (133/177) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/118) 50 (66/88) 50 (38) light, nothing
150 300 (400/532) 225 (300/399) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 113 (150/200) 100 (134/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (57) digging, enlightenment, locking, magic missile, make invisible, opening, probing, secret door detection, slow monster, speed monster, striking, undead turning
175 350 (466/620) 262 (349/465) 233 (310/413) 175 (233/310) 132 (175/233) 117 (156/207) 87 (116/155) 87 (66) cold, fire, lightning, sleep
200 400 (532/708) 300 (399/531) 266 (356/472) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 134 (178/236) 100 (133/177) 100 (75) cancellation, create monster, polymorph, teleportation
500 1000 (1332/1776) 750 (999/1332) 666 (888/1184) 500 (666/888) 375 (500/666) 334 (444/592) 250 (333/444) 250 (188) death, wishing
Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Wand types
100 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 50 (38) light, nothing
150 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 113 (150/200) 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (56) digging, enlightenment, locking, magic missile, make invisible, opening, probing, secret door detection, slow monster, speed monster, striking, undead turning
175 350 (467/622) 263 (350/467) 233 (311/415) 175 (233/311) 131 (175/233) 117 (156/207) 88 (117/156) 88 (66) cold, fire, lightning, sleep
200 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 267 (356/474) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 100 (75) cancellation, create monster, polymorph, teleportation
500 1000 (1333/1778) 750 (1000/1333) 667 (889/1185) 500 (667/889) 375 (500/667) 333 (444/593) 250 (333/444) 250 (188) death, wishing

It is usually better to engrave ID wands to determine their identity, however base 175zm wands found in shops are all useful (cold, sleep, fire, or lightning), price identification can distinguish a wand of sleep from a wand of death without using another charge, any wand that makes engravings vanish that has a base price of 150zm is a wand of make invisible, and any wand that gives no message when engraved with a base price of 100zm is a wand of nothing.

Spellbooks

Prices in NetHack 3.6.0 and later
Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Spellbook types
100 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/119) 50 (67/89) 50 (38) Level 1 books: force bolt, protection, detect monsters, light, sleep, jumping, healing, knock
200 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 267 (356/474) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 133 (178/237) 100 (133/178) 100 (75) Level 2 books: magic missile, drain life, create monster, detect food, confuse monster, slow monster, cure blindness, wizard lock
300 600 (800/1067) 450 (600/800) 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/267) 150 (113) Level 3 books: remove curse, clairvoyance, detect unseen, identify, cause fear, charm monster, haste self, cure sickness, extra healing, stone to flesh
400 800 (1067/1422) 600 (800/1067) 533 (711/948) 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 267 (356/474) 200 (267/356) 200 (150) Level 4 books: cone of cold, fireball, detect treasure, invisibility, levitation, restore ability
500 1000 (1333/1778) 750 (1000/1333) 667 (889/1185) 500 (667/889) 375 (500/667) 333 (444/593) 250 (333/444) 250 (188) Level 5 books: magic mapping, dig
600 1200 (1600/2133) 900 (1200/1600) 800 (1067/1422) 600 (800/1067) 450 (600/800) 400 (533/711) 300 (400/533) 300 (225) Level 6 books: create familiar, turn undead, teleport away, polymorph
700 1400 (1867/2489) 1050 (1400/1867) 933 (1244/1659) 700 (933/1244) 525 (700/933) 467 (622/830) 350 (467/622) 350 (263) Level 7 books: finger of death, cancellation

Determining the level of a spellbook can be very useful for spellcasters, since it can eliminate books that are much too high level to be read, and reveal books that should be easy to read. However, knowing the level of a spellbook is not very helpful unless the book is also BUC identified.

Amulets

All amulets cost 150zm and weigh 20, so they cannot be distinguished using price identification.

Variants

SLASH'EM

Price identification is more complicated in SLASH'EM, partly due to the addition of several new items, and partly due to discriminatory role-based markups:

  • Barbarians pay triple the base price ("Barbarians are gullible")
  • Rogues pay double the base price ("Rogues are untrustworthy")
  • Samurai pay double the base price ("Samurai are from out of town")

Furthermore, in the black market, magical items cost 50 times the base price, and nonmagical items cost 25 times the base price. These markups are applied in this order, after any relevant unidentified item surcharge, sucker markup, and charisma modifier.

Relevant parts of above tables that change are given in the table below.

Prices in SLASH'EM
Category Base cost Cha ≤ 5 Cha 6–7 Cha 8–10 Cha 11–15 Cha 16–17 Cha 18 Cha ≥ 19 Selling price Item types
Rings 100 200 (266/354) 150 (199/265) 133 (177/236) 100 (133/177) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/118) 50 (66/88) 50 (38) adornment, hunger*, mood, protection, protection from shape changers, sleeping* stealth, sustain ability, warning
150 300 (400/532) 225 (300/399) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 113 (150/200) 100 (134/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (57) aggravate monster*, cold resistance, gain constitution, gain dexterity, gain intelligence, gain strength, gain wisdom, increase accuracy, increase damage, invisibility, poison resistance, see invisible, shock resistance
Wands 150 300 (400/532) 225 (300/399) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 113 (150/200) 100 (134/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (57) digging, enlightenment, healing, locking, magic missile, make invisible, opening, probing, secret door detection, slow monster, speed monster, striking, undead turning
175 350 (466/620) 262 (349/465) 233 (310/413) 175 (233/310) 132 (175/233) 117 (156/207) 87 (116/155) 87 (66) cold, draining, fire, lightning, sleep
200 400 (532/708) 300 (399/531) 266 (354/472) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 134 (178/236) 100 (133/177) 100 (75) cancellation, create monster, fear, polymorph, teleportation
300 600 (800/1066) 450 (600/799) 400 (533/710) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/266) 150 (113) create horde, extra healing, fireball
Potions 50 100 (132/176) 75 (99/132) 66 (88/117) 50 (66/88) 38 (50/66) 34 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) blood ("blood-red potion"), booze, fruit juice, see invisible, sickness
100 200 (266/354) 150 (199/265) 133 (177/236) 100 (133/177) 75 (100/133) 67 (89/118) 50 (66/88) 50 (38) amnesia ("sparkling potion"), clairvoyance, confusion, extra healing, hallucination, healing, holy water ("blessed clear potion"), unholy water ("cursed clear potion"), restore ability, sleeping
150 300 (400/532) 225 (300/399) 200 (266/354) 150 (200/266) 113 (150/200) 100 (134/178) 75 (100/133) 75 (57) blindness, ESP, gain energy, invisibility, monster detection, object detection
300 600 (800/1066) 450 (600/799) 400 (533/710) 300 (400/533) 225 (300/400) 200 (267/356) 150 (200/266) 150 (113) gain ability, gain level, invulnerability, paralysis
350 700 (932/1242) 525 (699/931) 466 (621/828) 350 (466/621) 263 (350/466) 234 (311/414) 175 (233/310) 175 (132) vampire blood ("blood-red potion")
Robes 25 50 (66/88) 37 (49/66) 33 (44/58) 25 (33/44) 19 (25/33) 17 (22/30) 12 (16/22) 12 (9) robe
50 100 (132/176) 75 (99/132) 66 (88/117) 50 (66/88) 38 (50/66) 34 (44/59) 25 (33/44) 25 (19) power, protection, weakness
Cloaks 40 80 (106/140) 60 (79/105) 53 (70/93) 40 (53/70) 30 (40/53) 27 (36/47) 20 (26/35) 20 (15) leather, orcish ("coarse mantelet"), poisonous
60 120 (160/212) 90 (120/159) 80 (106/141) 60 (80/106) 45 (60/80) 40 (54/71) 30 (40/53) 30 (23) elven ("faded pall"), invisibility, lab coat ("white coat"), magic resistance

GruntHack

In GruntHack, shopkeepers that hate your race increase the buy price of every item by 33% (multiplying by 4⁄3), and cut the sell price of every item by 66% (dividing by 3). The base price of any item is increased if it has object properties: 100 for one property, 500 for two properties, 1000 for three properties, and so on.

Additionally, whenever in a shop you can view the prices of any items you have within a container you own in your inventory, even if the shop would not normally take that type of item.

UnNetHack

In UnNetHack, the random 25% reduction of selling price is applied per shop, rather than per item. Additionally, Tourists have a 1⁄3 chance of all items in a shop being identified the first time they enter it.

FIQHack

In FIQHack, all items in shops are automatically identified for Tourists, including items that you sell to shopkeepers.

History

In NetHack 3.4.3, the random modifiers for unidentified items also applied to identified items; all surcharges and price reductions are also applied sequentially, using integer arithmetic. For example, if a character with charisma 7 buying an item with base price of 100 is charged an unidentified surcharge, the shopkeeper's price is calculated as follows:

  • 100 base price
  • 4⁄3 unidentified surcharge multiplier = 100 × 4⁄3 = 133
  • 3⁄2 charisma multiplier = 133 × 3⁄2 = 199

In 3.6.* versions, the calculation accumulates integer multipliers and divisors for all adjustments, then applies these once at the end to get the effective price. Thus for the same example, the calculation will be:

  • (4⁄3) × (3⁄2) = 12⁄6
  • 100 × 12⁄6 = 200

This sometimes results in prices 1 to 2 zorkmids higher or lower than would be obtained in previous versions. The stated intention of this change is to make price identification harder by ensuring that the price of items marked up twice more often equals another base price, e.g. 200zm instead of 199zm. Another consequence of this method is that the order in which adjustments are applied no longer matters.

Before NetHack 3.6.1, the random modifier for selling unidentified items was determined per-sale, not per-shopkeeper. By repeatedly dropping the item, declining the sale, and picking it up again, you'd eventually get two different quotes, the higher of which was the correct one.

References

  1. ↑ src/shk.c in NetHack 3.6.6, line 2134
  2. ↑ src/shk.c in NetHack 3.6.6, line 2128

External links

Various external tools exist for the purpose of aiding in price IDing:

  • Clippy
  • Determine Objects by their Price, which is more accurate due to taking some more corner cases into account, but less broad because it only works magical items and excludes weapons, armor, tools, and gems.
  • Consolidated item tables on alt.org, which are 3.4.3-specific and lists the base price of every single item (which has not changed since)
  • NetHack Shopping Spoiler, another 3.4.3-specific resource mirrored on alt.org
  • DizzyPrice via archive.org, an open-source price ID tool updated to the new rounding method for the NetHack 3.6.0 series.
  • #annotate at NetHackathon, a companion app that contains a price ID tool and several other note-taking features
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