View source for BUC

Every [[item]] in ''[[NetHack]]'', except for [[gold piece]]s, may be '''blessed''' or '''cursed'''; an item that is neither is described as '''uncursed'''. An item cannot be both blessed and cursed; the two cancel each other out. An item's state of being blessed, uncursed, or cursed is commonly called its '''BUC''', '''BUC status''', or '''beatitude'''.

'''Non-cursed''' is generally used to mean "either blessed or uncursed". This term is useful because many items behave similarly whether blessed or uncursed, but very differently if cursed.

==Blessed items==

Generally speaking, blessing an item is never a [[Bad Idea]]. All blessed items are one step further from being cursed. Also, many items confer additional bonuses when blessed:

*Blessed [[weapon]]s do 1d4 extra damage to [[undead]] and [[major demon]]s.{{refsrc|src/weapon.c|325|version=NetHack 3.6.1}}
**Blessed [[missile]]s (e.g., arrows, darts, and throwing stars) have a significantly lower chance of disappearing when used.
*Most blessed [[scroll]]s and [[potion]]s work better if they are beneficial, or have their harm reduced or nullified if they are harmful.
*Blessed [[spellbook]]s can always be read successfully, regardless of the spell's level, your level, or your [[intelligence]] score.
*Blessed [[tin]]s require only one turn to open no matter what opening tool you use (or even if you use no tool at all).
*Some [[tools]] work better when they're blessed. Notable examples include the [[bag of holding]] and [[unicorn horn]].
**Blessed item generators generate blessed items:
***A blessed [[horn of plenty]] will produce blessed foods and potions.
***A blessed [[tinning kit]] will make blessed tins.
***A blessed [[magic marker]] will make uncursed blank spellbooks and scrolls into blessed ones, and cursed ones uncursed.
** Blessed tools with charges will also resist the effect of a cursed [[scroll of charging]].
*Blessed [[touchstone]] can be applied to identify other stones, while uncursed one can be applied only by Archeologist.
*Blessed [[luckstone]] prevents the timeout of positive luck, while uncursed one prevents the timeout of both positive and negative luck.
*[[Wands]] cannot be harmed by cursed [[Scroll of charging|scrolls of charging]] if they are blessed.
*Blessed items are resistant to [[erosion]], with a chance depending on your [[Luck]].

For some items, being blessed may be undesired:
* Blessed [[magic marker]] cannot produce cursed scrolls, therefore many players prefer at least one magic marker to be uncursed.
* Quaffing blessed [[potion of invisibility]] makes the player permanently invisible, which may cause problems.  In particular, quaffing it within a shop may make it hard to leave the shop.
* Quaffing blessed [[potion of booze]] does not cause [[confusion]], which make it almost useless for quaffing.
* To genocide one kind of monsters without genociding all monsters denoted by the same letter, you need an uncursed [[scroll of genocide]].

==Cursed items==

A cursed item, on the other hand, is usually bad. Cursed items are more difficult to bless, and almost all of them will at least impede the item's performance, if not incurring an ill-intended effect.

* Anything that can be worn or wielded is reluctant to be taken off or put aside if it's cursed. This includes [[amulet]]s, [[ring]]s, [[weapon]]s, [[weapon-tool]]s, [[armor]], [[tin opener]]s, [[iron chain]]s, [[heavy iron ball]]s, and [[leash]]es. This also applies to monsters: Seeing a monster attempt to wield a cursed weapon or [[weapon-tool]] will produce a message about it sticking to their hand, as does a monster attempting to wield another weapon while already wielding a cursed weapon. In either case, this formally identifies the item as cursed. 
* [[Potion]]s and [[scroll]]s generally work worse if they are cursed: if they are harmful, the harm is generally amplified, and if they are beneficial, the benefit may be reduced or nullified, or a totally different (usually harmful) effect occurs.
* [[Wand]]s have a chance of exploding when you zap them while they are cursed.
* You can never read a cursed [[spellbook]] successfully.
* [[Tool]]s generally do not work as well when they are cursed.
* [[Pet]]s will not pick up cursed items.
* [[Comestible]]s (but not corpses) are always rotten when they are cursed.
* A [[loadstone]] cannot be dropped or thrown while cursed.
* The [[invocation ritual]] won't work if any of the three items ([[Bell of Opening]], [[Candelabrum of Invocation]], or [[Book of the Dead]]) is cursed.

However, there are items which have special uses when cursed, if you know they are cursed:
* A cursed [[potion of gain level]] transports you one dungeon level upwards, which has several uses.
* A cursed [[potion of invisibility]] will wake all sleeping and meditating monsters on the level. [[Covetous]] monsters such as your [[quest nemesis]], [[demon lords and princes]], and the [[Wizard of Yendor]] will quickly warp to you after being awakened, allowing you to fight them without having to make your way to their location.
* A cursed [[scroll of genocide]] creates 4&ndash;6 specified monsters. This has many potential uses: experience levels, maximum hit points, intrinsics, intelligence or strength gain, luck, unihorn, dragon scale mail, or powerful pets. See [[Genocide#Reverse genocide|Genocide §&nbsp;Reverse genocide]] for details.<!-- Please don't expand the details in here: we don't want this brief overview to become too long to read. -->
* A cursed [[scroll of teleportation]] will [[levelport]] you instead of regular teleportation, which is especially useful if you have [[teleport control]].
* A cursed [[scroll of gold detection]] shows traps as gold.  However, a non-cursed one shows traps as traps if you are confused.
* A cursed [[scroll of destroy armor]] can be used to [[erodeproof]] a piece of armor if read while confused.
* A cursed [[scroll of confuse monster]] confuses you. This is useful if you don't have other sources of [[confusion]]. 
* Pets are reluctant to enter a square with a cursed item (unless there is food in that square too). Because of that, cursed items can be used to restrict their movements, most notably in Sokoban to prevent them from getting stuck behind a boulder.

==BUC identification==
{{main|Curse-testing}}
An [[altar]] can be used to detect the beatitude of an item by means of the coloured flashes when the item is [[drop]]ped on it, an amber flash indicates that the item is blessed, whereas a black flash means the item is cursed, if there is no flash the item is uncursed. Identifying an item this way is impossible when blind, and when hallucinating it is impossible to tell blessed and cursed items apart since the flash will appear different; however, the lack of a flash can still tell you that the item is uncursed.

For some items, such as [[gold piece]]s or [[scroll of mail|scrolls of mail]], the beatitude has no meaning and is always omitted. For some other items, such as weapons or rings with charges, it is not shown if the object is uncursed, if you have [[identification|fully identified]] the item. [[Priest]]s can automatically tell the beatitude of any item they see, even if it has yet to be identified; as such, "uncursed" is not displayed for them, because for a Priest, any item that does not display as blessed or cursed must necessarily be uncursed. If you want the game to override this behavior and show "uncursed" on every item you have identified as such, set the [[Options#implicit_uncursed|implicit_uncursed]] option to FALSE.

A [[scroll of identify]] will also show you the BUC status of an item.

==Changing the BUC status of an item==
There are quite a few ways to change the BUC status of items:

===Curse removal or blessing===
{{main|Curse removal}}
* [[Dip]]ping an object into a [[potion of holy water]] will change the BUC status from cursed to uncursed, and from uncursed to blessed, using one potion of holy water each time you dip it. Dipping a blessed item into holy water will not consume the potion and not [[wet]] the object.
* An uncursed [[scroll of remove curse]] will remove the cursed status from the wielded object (whether it is a [[weapon]] or not), all worn items ([[armor]], [[rings]], [[amulet]], [[blindfold]], [[towel]], and [[lenses]]), any [[leash]]es currently in use, and any carried [[loadstone]]s.{{refsrc|src/read.c|1277|version=NetHack 3.6.1}} A blessed scroll of remove curse will remove the cursed status from every object in your inventory. A cursed scroll of remove curse "disintegrates" and removes no curses, though it will still end any [[punishment]].
* A non-cursed scroll of {{? of|enchant armor|or=1|enchant weapon}} will uncurse the armor or weapon it targets. A blessed scroll of enchant armor will bless uncursed armor. 
* Your deity may bless and repair your weapon or uncurse your inventory when you pray on an [[altar]], depending on your [[Luck]] (see [[prayer]] for details).
* When stepping on a [[magic trap]], there is a 4.8% chance of an uncursing effect, equivalent to an uncursed scroll of remove curse.
* #[[dip]]ping items in fountains can curse and uncurse items ({{frac|4|30}} chance of uncursing, {{frac|1|30}} chance of cursing). A fountain will never bless an item.
* When [[dip]]ping a [[unicorn horn]] or [[amethyst]] into a potion which then transforms, the result is uncursed, except for juice made with a cursed horn or an amethyst, which is cursed.{{refsrc|src/potion.c|2187|version=NetHack 3.6.1}}

===Blessing removal or cursing===
* Dipping an object into a [[potion of unholy water]] will change the item from blessed to uncursed, and then from uncursed to cursed.
* If you read a [[scroll of remove curse]] while [[confusion|confused]], each affected uncursed object will have a 25% chance of becoming cursed and 25% chance of becoming blessed. The same objects are affected as when not confused, such as wielded objects, worn items, leashes in use, and carried loadstones. 
* Cursed scrolls of enchant weapon and armor will curse the item they target.
* High-level spellcasting monsters (notably [[lich]]es and the [[Wizard of Yendor]]) can randomly [[curse items]] in your inventory during combat. The message received is "You feel a malignant aura surround you."{{refsrc|src/sit.c|326|version=NetHack 3.6.1}} [[Magic resistance]] and [[half spell damage]] reduce the amount of items that are cursed (but will not nullify the attack), while [[Magicbane]] will "catch the curse" and nullify the attack 95% of the time when wielded.
* Quaffing from fountains can have a cursing effect on every item in your inventory (see [[fountain]] for details).
* #[[dip]]ping items in fountains can curse and uncurse items ({{frac|4|30}} chance of uncursing, {{frac|1|30}} chance of cursing). It is never blessed.
* A [[loadstone]] will [[autocursing|curse itself automatically]], making it impossible to drop should you pick it up again, and picking up a blessed [[scroll of scare monster]] will remove its blessing.
* The [[dunce cap]] and the [[helm of opposite alignment]] can be generated uncursed, but [[Autocursing|autocurse]] when worn, preventing you from removing them by normal means.
* A blessed [[eucalyptus leaf]] may be [[apply|applied]] and used as a [[magic whistle]]; this act has a {{frac|50}} chance of removing the blessing.

===Removal of either curse or blessing ===
* [[Cancellation|Cancelling]] an item will remove any blessing or curse, but may also have other (probably detrimental) effects such as removing enchantment or emptying a wand of charges.
* [[Alchemy]] results are always uncursed.

==Game messages==
In-game, the phrase "Items of unknown B/C/U status" appears in the drop menu, but the "BUC" ordering is more common in discussions.

==Generation==
The random generation rate for blessed or cursed items varies as shown in the table below.
{|class="prettytable"
! Item !! Blessed !! Uncursed !! Cursed
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Amulet]]s'''
|-
|[[amulet of change]]||0.50%||9.50%||90.50%
|-
|[[amulet of restful sleep]]||0.50%||9.50%||90.50%
|-
|[[amulet of strangulation]]||0.50%||9.50%||90.50%
|-
|Other amulets||5.00%||90.00%||5.00%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Weapon]]s'''
|-
|All weapons||8.64%||78.18%||13.18%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Armor]]'''
|-
|[[helm of opposite alignment]]||0.95%||8.60%||90.45%
|-
|[[gauntlets of fumbling]]||0.95%||8.60%||90.45%
|-
|[[fumble boots]]||0.95%||8.60%||90.45%
|-
|[[levitation boots]]||0.95%||8.60%||90.45%
|-
|Other armor||8.72%||78.96%||12.31%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Comestible]]s'''
|-
|Tins||5.00%||90.00%||5.00%
|-
|Other comestibles||0.00%||100.00%||0.00%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Scroll]]s'''
|-
|All scrolls||12.50%||75.00%||12.50%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Spellbook]]s'''
|-
|All spellbooks||2.94%||94.12%||2.94%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Potion]]s'''
|-
|All potions||12.50%||75.00%||12.50%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Ring]]s'''
|-
|[[ring of aggravate monster]]||0.00%||10.00%||90.00%
|-
|[[ring of hunger]]||0.00%||10.00%||90.00%
|-
|[[ring of polymorph]]||0.00%||10.00%||90.00%
|-
|[[ring of teleportation]]||0.00%||10.00%||90.00%
|-
|[[ring of adornment]]||15.73%||41.33%||42.93%
|-
|[[ring of protection]]||15.73%||41.33%||42.93%
|-
|[[ring of gain constitution]]||15.73%||41.33%||42.93%
|-
|[[ring of gain strength]]||15.73%||41.33%||42.93%
|-
|[[ring of increase accuracy]]||15.73%||41.33%||42.93%
|-
|[[ring of increase damage]]||15.73%||41.33%||42.93%
|-
|Other rings||0.00%||90.00%||10.00%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Wand]]s'''
|-
|All wands||2.94%||94.12%||2.94%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Tool]]s'''
|-
|[[tallow candle]]||10.00%||80.00%||10.00%
|-
|[[wax candle]]||10.00%||80.00%||10.00%
|-
|[[brass lantern]]||10.00%||80.00%||10.00%
|-
|[[oil lamp]]||10.00%||80.00%||10.00%
|-
|[[magic lamp]]||25.00%||50.00%||25.00%
|-
|[[can of grease]]||5.00%||90.00%||5.00%
|-
|[[crystal ball]]||25.00%||50.00%||25.00%
|-
|[[figurine]]||12.50%||75.00%||12.50%
|-
|Other tools||0.00%||100.00%||0.00%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''[[Gem]]s/[[Stone]]s'''
|-
|[[loadstone]] on floor||0.00%||0.00%||100.00%
|-
|loadstone in a container||0.00%||9.98%||91.02%
|-
|Other stones||0.00%||100.00%||0.00%
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color: #DDFFDD"| '''Other'''
|-
|Other||0.00%||100.00%||0.00%
|}

Items generated on "[[fake bones]]" are always cursed.

==Encyclopedia entry==
The [[NetHack encyclopedia]] has this to say about cursed items:

{{encyclopedia|
Curses are longstanding ill-wishings which, in Fantasyland,
often manifest as semisentient.  They have to be broken or
dispelled.  The method varies according to the type and
origin of the Curse:
[...]
4.  Curses on Rings and Swords.  You have problems.  Rings
have to be returned whence they came, preferably at over a
thousand degrees Fahrenheit, and the Curse means you won't
want to do this.  Swords usually resist all attempts to
raise their Curses.  Your best source is to hide the Sword
or give it to someone you dislike.
|[ The Tough Guide to Fantasyland, by Diana Wynne Jones ]
}}

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Acronyms]]
[[Category:Item attributes]]
{{nethack-361}}