Physical size
In NetHack, all monsters are classified in six distinct sizes: Tiny → Small → Medium → Large → Huge → Gigantic[1][2]. Only monsters medium or smaller can wear cloaks, and only exactly medium monsters can wear shirts or armor. Size also restricts which monsters can move diagonally through a crack. Some types of weapon distinguish between "small" monsters (tiny to medium) and "large" ones (large to gigantic). Statues of tiny monsters cannot contain spellbooks; for details on the rest, see the miscellaneous items spoiler.
Huge monsters cannot be engulfed, while large ones can.
Huge monsters cannot fall through trapdoors. Holes (from a wand of digging) still work.
Note that size is only one component that is checked when determining if armor and other items can be worn. For example, non-humanoids will always break or slip out of torso armor, depending on their size, and even some medium-sized humanoids will break out of armor for shape reasons. The code currently has two examples of this, the winged gargoyle and the marilith (wings and too many arms, respectively). One effect of this is that there is no armor-safe metallivore for polyself purposes.
If you are polymorphed into a monster that never leaves a corpse, its size is used to scale your carrying capacity.
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