Alternate item names

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Some roles use an alternate set of item names for various items in order to give a broader set of theming for the player.

Japanese

The following is a list of those items with their Japanese names:

Japanese English
bokken (previously jo) club (actually means "wooden sword")
dai-kyu bow (used in nethack variants like SlashTHEM)
gunyoki food ration
jo (reassigned from club) baseball bat (actually means "short staff")
kabuto helmet
kaginawa grappling hook
koto wooden harp
mizugumo water walking boots
naginata glaive
ninja-to broadsword
nunchaku flail
okonomiyaki pancake
onigiri doughnut
osaku lock pick
potion of sake potion of booze
shito knife
tanko plate mail
timbe small shield
wakizashi short sword
yugake leather gloves
yumi bow (used in vanilla nethack)

There are also some regular items that are uniquely Japanese. Once identified, these are described using their Japanese name, regardless of which role you are playing. These items are the following:

Additionally some pieces of dialog are also changed. On losing a level or dying, you receive the message "Sayonara", instead of the usual "Goodbye"; when starting or loading a game, it greets you with "Konichi wa"; and friendly shopkeepers and priests greet you with "Irasshaimase".

Pirate

Pirate names for items following a nautical theme:

Pirate English
belaying pin club
buckler small shield
cutlass scimitar
ditty bag sack
doubloon zorkmid
foot locker large box
piece of eight gold coin
potion of rum potion of booze
sea biscuit cram ration

The Pirate patch treats the cutlass as a kind of scimitar. In real life, the cutlass is usually a much shorter sword than the scimitar, though both usually have conspicuously curved blades. Both are also related to the saber--the scimitar through the Persian shamshir and Turkish kilij, which were probably influenced by cavalry sabers used by the Byzantine Empire--but NetHack treats the scimitar/cutlass and saber as distinct weapons. NetHack is not real life.

Reference: Chris's Pirate Patch