Luck

In NetHack, luck is a statistic that influences the outcome of many random events. If a character's luck statistic is high, these random outcomes will be skewed in their favor, and almost every player will seek to reach and maintain a high luck stat as part of their strategy.

Value

Luck is the sum of two components: natural luck and bonus luck. Natural luck ranges from −10 to +10, changes with events in the game, and may slowly return to a baseline level (see § Luck timeout below). Bonus luck, on the other hand, may be −3, 0, or +3, and it is determined by the beatitudes of any luckstones (and certain quest artifacts) you are carrying. Thus the highest possible total luck is 13, and the lowest possible is −13. A positive value indicates a measure of "good luck" and a negative value indicates "bad luck". However, only a rough idea of your total luck is given in the enlightenment list; the meaning of the messages is as follows:

Total luck	Message
≤ −10	You are extremely unlucky.
−9 to −5	You are very unlucky.
−4 to −1	You are unlucky.
0	Your luck is zero. (Only displayed in wizard mode.)
1 to 4	You are lucky.
5 to 9	You are very lucky.
≥ 10	You are extremely lucky.

Luck timeout

Under normal circumstances, your natural luck slowly returns to zero over time. If your luck is timing out, it is done at a rate of one point per 600 turns (300 if you are carrying the Amulet of Yendor, or if your god is angry). This is counted from the beginning of the game; for example, if you lose one point of luck on turn 590, you will regain it on turn 600, not on turn 1190.

The baseline level to which it may return is +1 if you most recently started or restored the game during a full moon, −1 if started or restored on Friday the 13th, and 0 if neither or both. A new moon does not affect your luck at all. These changes in the baseline level do not affect the maximum and minimum values.

The following information pertains to an upcoming version (NetHack 3.7.0). If this version is now released, please verify that the information below is still accurate, then update the page to incorporate it.

Killing your quest leader sets your baseline luck to −4, adjusted by date and moon phase as above.

Whether your natural luck will return to its baseline level is controlled by luckstones and certain quest artifacts. The effect of these "luck items" depends on the number in your main inventory that are blessed, uncursed, and cursed (see table below).

Number of luck items	Bad luck	Good luck
None	Times out	Times out
More cursed than blessed	No timeout	Times out
Equal cursed and blessed (or all uncursed)	No timeout	No timeout
More blessed than cursed	Times out	No timeout

Note that as a special case (which is possibly a bug), the game will consider you to own no luck items if both the following conditions are true:

1. You have no luckstones, specifically;
2. The number of cursed luck items (other than stones) equals the number of noncursed luck items.

When this case applies, the effect is identical to owning no luck items: no bonus luck, and luck times out regardless of whether the total is positive or negative.

Bonus luck

Bonus luck works in a similar way to the above table, although both blessed and uncursed luck items (referred to as "non-cursed") have the same effect.

Number of luck items	Bonus luck
More cursed than non-cursed	−3 "reduced luck"
Equal cursed and non-cursed	+3 "extra luck"
More non-cursed than cursed	+3 "extra luck"

The same caveats regarding having the same number of cursed as non-cursed luck items and no luckstones apply here as to luck timeout.

Ways to change your luck

Natural luck is adjusted by each of the events described below, and by the timeout described above. It cannot be reduced below −10 or increased above +10.

Baseline luck adjustment	Event
+1	Starting or restoring a game during a full moon.
0	Starting or restoring a game during any time when it is neither full moon nor Friday the 13th, or when it is both full moon and Friday the 13th (which cancel each other out).
−1	Starting or restoring a game on Friday the 13th.

Natural luck adjustment	Event
−2	Break a mirror.
−n	Breaking n eggs laid by you (at worst −5).
+1	Sitting on a throne and getting the message "You feel your luck is changing."
0	Throwing a piece of worthless glass at a unicorn.
−1 to +1 (average 0)	Throwing an unidentified valuable gem at a cross-aligned unicorn.
−3 to +3 (average 0)	Throwing an identified valuable gem at a cross-aligned unicorn.
+1	Throwing an unidentified valuable gem at a co-aligned unicorn.
+2	Throwing a named valuable gem at a co-aligned unicorn.
+5	Throwing an identified valuable gem at a co-aligned unicorn.
−1	Attacking a blind floating eye (1 in 500 chance).
−1	Jumping in Sokoban before solving the level's puzzle.
−1	Breaking a boulder in Sokoban before solving the level's puzzle.
−1	Casting stone to flesh on a boulder in Sokoban before solving the level's puzzle.
−1	Polymorphing a boulder in Sokoban before solving the level's puzzle.
−1	Reading a scroll of earth in Sokoban before solving the level's puzzle.
−1	Being pulled by a thrown heavy iron ball in Sokoban before solving the level's puzzle.
−1	Hurtling through the air in Sokoban by throwing something while levitating before solving the level's puzzle.
−1	Squeezing past a boulder in Sokoban (or walking over one when polymorphed into a giant) before solving the level's puzzle.
−1	Killing a tame monster.
−1	Killing a peaceful monster (sometimes). See note below.
−2	Killing a peaceful human when you are not chaotic. ("You murderer!")
−5	Killing a co-aligned unicorn.
−5 to −2	Cannibalism (eating your own species), unless you are an orc or a Caveman.
Set to 0	Praying with negative natural luck (sometimes: "golden glow" boon).
−3	Praying on a cross-aligned altar.
−3	Praying before your prayer timeout has expired.
−5	A sacrifice (not your own race) on Moloch's altars in Gehennom.
−3	Being converted by trying to convert an altar.
−1	Unsuccessfully trying to convert an altar, if you were not converted.
+1	Successfully converting an altar.
−1	Sacrificing at another god's altar.
−1	Kicking another god's altar ("Thou shalt pay, infidel!")
−1	Trying to engrave something on another god's altar (also gives "Thou shalt pay, infidel!")
+2	Sacrificing your own race on your own chaotic altar.
−2	Sacrificing your own race on Moloch's altar.
−5	Sacrificing your own race when you aren't chaotic.
−1	Sacrificing an unidentified cheap plastic imitation of the Amulet of Yendor.
−3	Sacrificing an identified fake Amulet of Yendor.
+1	Sacrificing and feeling that your god is "slightly mollified" when your luck is negative.
Set to 0	Sacrificing and feeling that your god is "mollified" when your luck is negative.
+1	Sacrificing and having a "hopeful feeling" when your luck is negative.
Set to 0	Sacrificing and having a "feeling of reconciliation" when your luck is negative.
0 to +5	Sacrificing while your god is pleased.

The following information pertains to an upcoming version (NetHack 3.7.0). If this version is now released, please verify that the information below is still accurate, then update the page to incorporate it.

Killing your Quest leader gives −20 luck, effectively setting natural luck to −10.

Killing a monster has a 50% chance of reducing luck by one point, if it was peaceful, but not tame, when it died. Attacking such a monster in melee, with a projectile, or with a ray wand or spell will always anger it, even if it dies in one hit, and so the luck penalty will never be applied. Beam wands and spells, however, only anger the monster if it survives. Note that cancellation can kill clay golems, and polymorph can kill any monster susceptible to system shock. Crushing a peaceful monster in a drawbridge also risks the penalty.

Effects

For details about the effect of luck on event probabilities, see rnl.

Luck has a part in:

• Making a monster peaceful by untrapping it
• Making a (too heavy to lift) monster peaceful by trying to untrap it ("<monster> thinks it was nice of you to try.")
• Getting an alignment bonus for untrapping a monster
• Accidentally setting off a land mine or beartrap that you are trying to set
• Having monsters get mad when they are trapped by one of your traps
• Setting off a trap you are trying to disarm
• Disarming a shooting trap
• Having chest traps fail to work
• Having chest traps that do work limited to relatively minor effects (especially if you have a unicorn horn)
• Getting any result from prayer (except upset gods—luck < 0 causes this)
• Getting help from your god when poorly aligned
• Getting a good result from prayer
• Getting the full range of bonus results from prayer
• Being confronted by a minion of the god of the altar you converted (or tried to)
• Angering the gods when praying in Gehennom
• Hitting a monster
• Hitting a monster with a thrown object
• Hitting something with a boomerang without it splintering
• Getting good results from sitting on thrones
• Destroying thrones or getting gold and gems from them when kicking them
• Getting good things from a magic fountain
• Finding secret doors, hidden corridors, and traps
• Breaking open a door
• Opening a door
• Having your objects resist water damage
• Blessed metal items resisting rust
• Having a wand of wishing succeed
• Getting what you wish for
• Writing a scroll or spellbook you don't know
• Picking something off the floor by applying your bullwhip
• Attempting to teleport at will in need
• Getting at least 2 identifies from a blessed scroll of identify
• Having destroyed polymorphed objects create golems
• Having a split-off long worm remain tame or peaceful

Natural luck

Some events in NetHack ignore your bonus luck and only account for your natural luck:

• Effects of a magic fountain
• Getting a wish from a throne
• Clones of tame or peaceful monsters remaining tame or peaceful
• Anything that checks your luck for the purpose of changing it, e.g. praying with negative luck to have it reset to 0

Strategy

You can't do any better than one blessed luck item, so you might as well keep any others in a bag (where they have no effect) as spares in case your main one becomes cursed. Even an uncursed luck item will be just as good except when your total luck is negative (which is a rare situation, although not unheard of); and even when it is negative, the luckstone will harm you only on turns on which your luck would time out (so you can just stash or drop it for those turns). Cursed luckstones should never be kept in main inventory unless doing so is unavoidable.

History

Prior to Nethack 3.6.0, any luck penalty associated with Sokoban would occur even after solving the puzzle on that level.

Variants

UnNetHack

UnNetHack adds an additional artifact, Luck Blade, that affects luck timeout. In UnNetHack, luck items greatly slow down luck timeout rather than stopping it completely. The modified luck timeout depends on how far your luck is from your base luck: the higher or lower your luck, the less the timeout is slowed. The timeout is calculated every turn, meaning gaining or losing a point of luck could result in that point timing out immediately. This also means that luck timeout is no longer necessarily at multiples of 600 turns if your natural luck has ever been above or below your base luck.

The modified luck timeout is calculated by the following formula. Let l_natural be your current natural luck, l_base be your base luck, and a be 2 if you have the Amulet or your god is angry with you, or 1 otherwise. $\tau = \text{max}(25000 - 200(l_\text{natural} - l_\text{base})^2, 600) / a$

Additionally, Archaeologists gain a +1 bonus to base luck from wearing a fedora. Putting on or taking off the fedora also changes your natural luck accordingly.

|lnatural − lbase|	Timeout	Time to 0	Time from 9	Time from 10	Time from 11
0	∞	0	168 000	173 000	173 800
1	24 800	24 800	143 200	148 200	149 000
2	24 200	49 000	119 000	124 000	124 800
3	23 200	72 200	95 800	100 800	101 600
4	21 800	94 000	74 000	79 000	79 800
5	20 000	114 000	54 000	59 000	59 800
6	17 800	131 800	36 200	41 200	42 000
7	15 200	147 000	21 000	26 000	26 800
8	12 200	159 200	8 800	13 800	14 600
9	8 800	168 000	0	5 000	5 800
10	5 000	173 000	0	0	800
11	800	173 800	0	0	0
12	600	174 400	0	0	0

If you have the Amulet or your god is angry with you, halve all times in this table.

dNetHack

In dNetHack, luckstones only slow down (600 instead of 300 turns) the loss of good luck, even when blessed. They still give the usual bonus luck, however.

Encyclopedia entry

"[...] We'll succeed and you'll get all the fortune you came
seeking."
Jack shook his head dismally. "You'll be better off without
me," he said. "I'm nothing but bad luck. It's because I'm
cursed. A farmer I met on the way to the city cursed me. He
said, 'I curse you Jack. May you never know wealth. May all
that you wish for be denied you.'"
"What a horrid man," said Eddie. "Why did he curse you like
that?"
Jack shrugged [...]. "Bad grace, I suppose. Just because I
shot off his ear and made him jump into a pit full of spikes."

[ the hollow chocolate bunnies of the apocalypse,
     by Robert Rankin ]

External links

• https://sites.google.com/view/evasroguelikegamessite/myths-and-facts-about-nethack#h.p_LrEgrX5Om5jh

This page is based on a spoiler by Dylan O'Donnell. The original license is:

Redistribution, copying, and editing of these spoilers, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. The original contributors to any spoiler must continue to be credited.
2. Any modifications to the spoiler must be acknowledged and credited.