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手术刀（scalpel）是NetHack中的一种近战武器。它使用小刀技能，由金属制成。
Contents
生成
医生职业的玩家怪物有1⁄16（6.25%）的概率获得一把手术刀作为他们的起始武器[2]。
描述
不同于其他小刀类武器，手术刀并不适用于投掷攻击，投掷手术刀进行攻击会有-2命中的惩罚，但是，手术刀可以多重射击[3][4][5]。
策略
手术刀是很弱的武器，杀伤力和兽人匕首相近。其唯一的优势就是使用防侵蚀的材料制成。而且相较于匕首之类的发射物，小刀不仅更少见，伤害也更低。医生起始拥有的手术刀适合作为备用武器，用于对付诸如酸性团块之类会腐蚀武器的怪物。只要你获得了一堆小刀，或者获得了一把防侵蚀，威力更高的主武器，你就可以把手术刀贮藏起来或者干脆丢掉了。
在游戏早期，医生角色可以通过用手术刀攻击气体孢子来锻炼小刀的武器技能，只需要用听诊器随时监控气体孢子的生命值，避免它被击杀就行。
历史
手术刀首次出现于NetHack 3.0.0。
旧版本存在一个漏洞，会导致医生职业怪物生成时获得一堆手术刀，此漏洞在NetHack 3.6.2，通过commit c056ca1b修复。
起源
手术刀是一种非常锐利的小型刀具，被广泛用于外科手术、解剖，以及各种手艺制作当中。两边开刃的手术刀也被称为“柳叶刀”（lancet）。根据不同使用场景的需要，手术刀也分为一次性使用和可重复使用的类型。
手术刀的刃一般由淬火钢和回火钢、不锈钢或高碳钢制成。由于钢制刀刃在进行核磁共振引导的外科手术时不能使用，因此也存在由银、钛、陶瓷、金刚石甚至黑曜石制成的手术刀。
在历史上，人类早在数千年前就有过在医疗领域应用手术刀的例子——人们曾在土耳其境内一个公元前22世纪的青铜时代聚落遗址中发现用黑曜石制成的手术刀，并且在同一地点发现了存在脑外科手术痕迹的同年代头骨。
Variants
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SLASH'EM
In SLASH'EM, Healers can use cure sickness or sliming using the surgery technique with a carried scalpel, making them a bit more useful.
dNetHack
In dNetHack, notdNetHack, and notnotdNetHack, scalpels have weaker base damage, with the same 1d3 slashing damage against small monsters and only 1d1 damage versus large monsters, but their to-hit bonus is raised to +3. Like all slashing weapons, scalpels can be poisoned by dipping them in an appropriate potion.
Nurses are always generated with scalpels, and those generated in the Madman quest are given filth-encrusted scalpels. Deminymphs that are given healer kits will always generate with scalpels, and those generated on the Drow Healer quest will have scalpels made of obsidian.
Healers gain to-hit and damage bonuses from their skill in healing spells when attacking with scalpels: +0 at Basic, +2 at Skilled, +3 at Expert). At Expert skill in healing spells and at least Basic in knives, a scalpel is roughly equivalent to other starting weapons when in the hands of a Healer, though it is still outperformed by a unicorn horn or quarterstaff at high strength.
xNetHack
In xNetHack, scalpels are made stronger, and deal 1d5 damage versus small monsters and 1d7 damage versus large ones.
Nurses have a 1⁄5 chance of generating with a scalpel.
EvilHack
In EvilHack, a scalpel can be created at a forge by combining a knife and a stiletto.
SlashTHEM
In SlashTHEM, in addition to SLASH'EM details, the Undertaker role starts with a +2 scalpel as their weapon.
Player monster undertakers are always generated with scalpels.
百科文本
A scalpel is a very sharp knife used for surgery ... Merely touching a medical scalpel with bare hands to test it will cut through the skin. ... Medical scalpel blades are gradually curved for greater precision when cutting through tissue.
