Sacrifice
Religion in NetHack |
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In NetHack, sacrifice is an action performed at an altar that can reduce your prayer timeout and make prayer safe, increase your luck, and confer other effects that depend on the sacrifice. As an offering to the gods, this naturally breaks the atheist conduct.[1]
Contents
Description
A sacrifice generally requires a corpse that is fresh to be 'prepared' via the #offer extended command while standing on the altar. This involves touching the corpse, whether it is in your inventory or already on the altar: a cockatrice or chickatrice corpse will result in immediate stoning unless your character is wearing gloves.[2] The corpse in question must be aged no more than 50 turns since its creation or removal from an ice box (if it was created in there) to be accepted as a sacrifice and consumed, with the exception of acid blob corpses.[3] The only non-corpse item that can be offered is the Amulet of Yendor (and imitations thereof) - offering your character's god the real Amulet is required to win the game.
Whether or not the sacrifice is received well (if at all) depends on the value of the sacrifice, as well as the god whose altar it is offered on versus the one your character serves. As in many other instances, hallucination will change the resulting messages.
Ordinary sacrifice
Assuming a sacrifice to your character's own deity, a corpse with positive value will please them or reduce their anger, and a corpse may have a negative value if sacrificing it would anger them. The value of the sacrifice is determined in part by the difficulty of the former monster, and is usually equal to their difficulty + 1. If your character attempts to sacrifice a corpse with no value, usually a corpse that is too old as described above, nothing happens regardless of deity.[4] Partly eaten corpses have their value decreased by an amount roughly corresponding to the portion of the corpse that was eaten.[5][6] Undead corpses sacrificed by a non-chaotic character have +1 additional value.[7]
Sacrificing to your god
The effects of your god accepting a sacrifice of positive value on their altar are detailed in the table below, with the effects depending on their anger level, your character's alignment record and prayer timeout. Sacrificing the corpse of a unicorn, a former pet that died while tame or a monster belonging to your character's race has differing and often drastic adjustments to its value, including whether or not the sacrifice is to your god or another god – these are covered in the sections below this one. Sacrifices at cross-aligned altars are also covered in later sections.
The table also details if it is potentially safe to pray after a particular sacrifice; you can verify your prayer timeout and safety to pray by offering another valid sacrifice, or else through another method such as enlightenment. Remember that these actions only affect base luck, and that your luck can still be negative due to modifiers from cursed luck items.
Alignment | Anger | Prayer timeout | Effect | Message | Safe to pray? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any | Greater than zero[8] | Any | If you are lawful or neutral and sacrifice a corpse from a monster of 7 difficulty or higher, or otherwise (as a chaotic) sacrifice a corpse from a monster of 11 difficulty or higher, your god's anger is decreased by a portion of the sacrifice's value, with a cap of 24 value:[9] 1⁄8 rounded down if you are lawful or neutral, and 1⁄12 rounded down if you are chaotic.[10] | If your god is pacified and you are hallucinating: <Deity> seems cosmic (not a new fact). And otherwise: <Deity> seems mollified. If your god is less angry and you are hallucinating: <Deity> seems groovy. And otherwise: <Deity> seems slightly mollified. If their anger has not lowered and you are hallucinating: The gods seem tall. And otherwise: You have a feeling of inadequacy. |
|
Negative | None | Variable | Your alignment is increased by the lowest of the following values:[14]
|
You feel partially absolved.[15] |
|
0 or greater | None | Greater than 0[16] | Your prayer timeout is decreased depending on the value of your sacrifice (represented by x), with the minimum for possible timeout being zero:[17]
|
If your prayer timeout is zero and you are hallucinating:[20] Overall, there is a smell of fried onions. Otherwise: You have a feeling of reconciliation. If your prayer timeout is not yet zero and you are hallucinating:[21] |
|
Greater than 0 | None | Variable | The following occurs:
|
If you receive a sacrifice gift: An object appears at your feet! The voice of <deity> <thunders/booms/rings out>: "Use my gift wisely!" If your luck is increased and you are blind: You think something brushed your <feet>. If this occurs while you are hallucinating and not blind: You see crabgrass at your <feet>. A funny thing in a dungeon. Otherwise: You glimpse a four-leaf clover at your <feet>. |
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Sacrifice gifts
As mentioned above, if your prayer timeout is 0, you have positive alignment, you are at experience level 3, your base Luck is 0 or greater, and your god is not angry, you have a 1⁄10 + 2xy chance of an artifact gift being placed on the altar, where x is the total amount of existing aritfacts and y is the number of gifts granted previously.[24] Receiving a gift unrestricts the corresponding weapon skill if applicable, exercises wisdom, and also increases prayer timeout by rnz(300 + 50x) where x is the total amount of existing aritfacts.[25][26][22][24] Artifacts generated this way are erosion-proofed, non-cursed and set to at least +0 enchantment.[27]
A sacrifice gift consists of an artifact appropriate to your alignment: your first gift will always be a co-aligned artifact that does not hate your current form, if any are available.[28][29] If your role has a guaranteed first gift, its alignment is adjusted to your starting alignment at the beginning of that game;[30][31] your role's gift is favored over other co-aligned gifts, provided it has not yet been generated elsewhere and you are not currently under a different alignment. Unaligned artifacts become eligible for sacrifice gifts once a co-aligned artifact has already been gifted, or else if no eligible artifact can be given this way.[32]
List of sacrifice gifts
- For a full list of artifacts giftable and otherwise, see artifact.
Below is a table describing artifacts that can be gifted and their eligibility as first gifts, assuming a role of the given starting alignment with no artifacts generated in a game:
The following information pertains to an upcoming version (3.7.0). If this version is now released, please verify that the information below is still accurate, then update the page to incorporate it.
Demonbane is the first sacrifice gift for Priests.Sacrifices of negative value
There are also sacrifices that displease your god, whether in general or under certain circumstances; these have a negative value and similarly negative effects depending on the offense you committed in offering the corpse:[33][34]
- Sacrifice of a co-aligned unicorn to your god or a cross-aligned unicorn that matches the alignment of the altar has a value of -5, and your character loses one point of wisdom while that altar's god smites them.[35] Sacrifices involving unicorn corpses are somewhat complicated and covered in full in the appropriate section.
- If you offer a monster of the same race as your character on a co-aligned altar, and you are not chaotic or in the form of a major demon:
- If this is done on a high altar, your character's god reaches maximum anger immediately, with the appropriate effects.[36][37]
- Otherwise, wisdom is abused, the altar is converted to chaotic, any attendant priest is angered, and a hostile demon lord is summoned.[38][39][40] The summoning paralyzes your character for three turns, ignoring free action.[41] Your god's anger is incremented by 3 and they immediately smite your character (unless in Gehennom), and the character also loses 1 point of wisdom and -5 luck and alignment record.
- Sacrificing a pet to a co-aligned god at their altar after it died while tame has a value of -1, which will anger them.[42] The corpse will not be consumed in this case, and your character is given the aggravate monster intrinsic along with a -3 penalty to alignment record.[43] If the monster went feral (i.e. became untame) before dying, it no longer counts as a pet and may be killed and sacrificed as usual.
Cross-aligned altars
If you make a sacrifice of positive value at an altar that does not belong to your character's god, and it is not a high altar or an altar in Gehennom, this is treated as an attempt to convert it.[44][45] Trying to convert a compatible altar has a chance of success that rises with your experience level, with a probability of XL + 2⁄XL + 8.[46] Failing will incur a -1 luck penalty and abuse wisdom, while succeeding will increase luck by 1, exercise wisdom and change the altar's alignment to that of your character.[47][48] Hostile minions may be sent by the god whose altar you tried to convert regardless of whether you succeed, with the chance dependent on your alignment record and experience level.[49][50] Any aligned priest tending to an altar that is converted will become hostile.[51]
If you make a sacrifice of negative value at an altar not of your alignment, a conversion attempt will not occur: the altar's god is angered and smites you, while your character's god will have their own anger decreased by one, and the corpse is not used up.[33][34]
If a conversion is attempted on an aligned altar, and you have either negative alignment record, an angry co-aligned god, or a sacrifice of a unicorn that is of your character's alignment (which is elaborated on below), there is a chance of your character having their alignment converted to that of the altar.[52][53] If this occurs, you also lose 3 luck, have your alignment record reset to zero and have your prayer timeout increased by 300, and this will always occur if done via co-aligned unicorn sacrifice (which has a value of -1).[54] Converting alignments by any means removes all points of intrinsic protection you have accrued. Attempting a converting sacrifice on an unaligned altar, or while already permanently converted by any means, will cause the sacrifice to be rejected and incur several penalties: the anger of your character's current god increases by 3, said god smites you unless you are in Gehennom, -5 penalties are applied to luck and alignment record, and your character loses 2 points of wisdom.[55] If your alignment is converted before you have been admitted to your quest, the game becomes unwinnable.
Sacrificing on a high altar not belonging to your character's god will bring the full wrath of that altar's god upon them:[56][37][36] a bolt of lightning, followed by a wide-angle disintegration beam if the character survives the lightning.[57][58] If this occurs on the Astral Plane or in Moloch's Sanctum (where the high altars are ordinarily encountered), the angered deity will then send in three sets of hostile minions.[59]
Same-race sacrifice
If a corpse that you sacrifice belongs to a monster of the same starting race as your character regardless of its age, then several effects will occur, with some depending on your alignment:[60]
- A chaotic character sacrificing a monster of their race sacrifice on any altar of their own alignment will gain +5 alignment and +2 luck, while a chaotic character doing this on an unaligned altar incurs a -2 luck penalty but still gains +5 alignment.[61][62] A chaotic character performing same-race sacrifice on any normal cross-aligned altar will instantly convert the altar to chaotic, angering any attendant priest.[63]
- A character that is lawful or neutral performing same-race sacrifice on a non-chaotic altar converts the altar to chaotic, angering any attendant priest, and takes several penalties: a -5 penalty to alignment and luck, loss of a point of wisdom, abuse of wisdom unless they are in the polyform of a demon, +3 to their god's anger, and being smited by that god unless they are in Gehennom.[64][65] A lawful or neutral character performing same-race sacrifice on a chaotic altar will destroy it instead and anger any attendant priest, with the same penalties otherwise.[66]
- As with regular sacrifice, attempting same-race sacrifice on a high altar that is not chaotic while your character is not chaotic will immediately raise the anger of that altar's god to maximum and prompt them to smite the character.
Regardless of alignment, if the altar is chaotic or unaligned, a major demon is summoned: this will be either Yeenoghu or Juiblex if either of them have not been generated, or a random major demon otherwise. 8⁄9 of the random demons summoned this way will be foocubi, and otherwise can be any major demon at random.[67] The summoned demon will be peaceful if you are chaotic and hostile otherwise.[68] Summoning a demon this way always paralyzes your character for three turns, ignoring free action.[69]
Sacrificing unicorns
Sacrificing unicorn corpses has varying effects dependent on several factors, including the altar's alignment, your character's alignment and the unicorn's alignment.[70] A unicorn's alignment is represented by its color - white is lawful, grey is neutral and black is chaotic. These are the critical points to remember:
- Sacrificing a unicorn of your alignment will always anger your character's god and cause them to smite the character, regardless of the outcome. If done on a cross-aligned altar, you will also be converted to that altar's alignment, while doing so on an unaligned altar causes additional penalties without changing your alignment.[55] Doing so on any high altar will maximize the anger of that altar's god without any conversion attempts.[36]
- As mentioned above, sacrificing a unicorn on an altar matching its own alignment will anger that altar's god into smiting the character, and the character loses one point of wisdom.[35][33] If the altar and unicorn are not of your own alignment, your god's anger is instead reduced by one.[34]
- Sacrificing a unicorn whose alignment does not match that of the altar's god or your character is treated as a regular sacrifice with bonus effects.
- Sacrificing a unicorn of a different alignment at your god's altar always grants a +5 bonus to alignment record, along with printing a message depending on your current alignment record; it does not reduce your god's anger beyond the normal value for that sacrifice.
- Sacrificing a cross-aligned unicorn at a cross-aligned altar that does not match its alignment attempts to convert the altar as normal, with a +3 bonus to value.
The effects are summarized in the following table:
Sacrificing the Amulet of Yendor
The goal of the game is for the player character to retrieve the Amulet of Yendor from the Sanctum of Moloch and offer it at their god's high altar on the Astral Plane, so there are naturally mechanics that help complicate this goal – be sure not to offer them a cheap plastic imitation by accident!
Attempting to offer the Amulet of Yendor on an unaligned normal altar in Gehennom will anger Moloch into smiting you, while doing so on any normal altar elsewhere will print a specific message that hints at your goal. Doing so with an unknown cheap plastic imitation has the same effects, and will print an additional message hinting that the offered Amulet was fake. Offering an unknown fake on a high altar incurs a -1 luck penalty and identifies the fake, while offering a known fake on any type of altar has -3 value and will incur a -3 luck penalty, a -1 alignment penalty, and increase the anger of that altar's god by 3.
Offering the real Amulet of Yendor on any high altar will immediately end the game in one of three ways:
- If the character offers the Amulet at the high altar of their god, they will ascend to demigod-hood.[71] This does not take any conversions into account, only checking to see that the character's alignment matches that of the high altar, so it is possible to ascend a character as their original alignment after permanent conversion by using a helm of opposite alignment. This applies a score multiplier of 2× if the character never converted from their starting alignment, or 1.5× if they converted and used the helm to change back.
- If the character offers the Amulet on a cross-aligned high altar, that altar's god gains dominion over their god and allows the character to escape in celestial disgrace.[72]
- If the character offers the Amulet on the high altar to Moloch in his Sanctum, Moloch retains dominion over their god and kills the character, and a character revived by life saving is then reduced to dust.[73] The only way to survive this is in explore mode or wizard mode, by declining when prompted if you want to die, though the game ends regardless since the character is then forced out of the dungeon.[74]
History
Altars and sacrifice are introduced in NetHack 3.0.0. From this version to NetHack 3.4.3, including variants based on those versions, if no artifacts are eligible for a character's first sacrifice gift, they will not receive any artifacts for the entire game unless they change alignment. This most commonly occurs with elven Priests or Rangers who name Sting and Orcrist in the hope of guaranteeing Stormbringer as their first gift, only to fail because Stormbringer had been generated in bones already.
Changing your alignment also gives an alignment bonus or penalty based on your starting alignment, rather than uniformly resetting your alignment record to zero.
Messages
- Nothing happens.
- The corpse was too old to be sacrificed.
- Your sacrifice is consumed in a <flash of light/burst of flame>!
- The standard message indicating a successful sacrifice. Lawful characters see a flash of light, others see a burst of flame. If it is not followed by any other message, it is safe to pray; otherwise, see below.
The following information pertains to an upcoming version (NetHack 3.7.0). If this version is now released, please verify that the information below is still accurate, then update the page to incorporate it.
Neutral characters see a "cloud of smoke".- Your sacrifice disappears!
- As above, if lawful and blind.
- Your sacrifice sprouts wings and a propeller and roars away!
- Your sacrifice puffs up, swelling bigger and bigger, and pops!
- Your sacrifice collapses into a cloud of dancing particles and fades away!
- As above, if hallucinating. Which message you receive is randomly selected.
- You feel appropriately <alignment>.
- You feel you are thoroughly on the right path.
- You sacrificed a cross-aligned unicorn on a co-aligned altar, gaining 5 alignment record. The second message indicates you were already at maximum alignment record.
- You sense a conflict between <your god> and <altar's god>.
then
- You feel the power of <your god> increase. if not blind: The altar glows <color>.
- You successfully converted an altar, and base Luck was increased by 1.
- Unluckily, you feel the power of <your god> decrease.
- You failed to convert an altar, and base Luck was reduced by 1.
- The voice of <altar's god> booms: "Thou shalt pay for thine indiscretion!" if not blind: A <monster> of <god> appears before you.
- The altar's (former) god sent a minion to punish your (attempted) conversion.
- The altar is stained with <race> blood.
- The altar has been converted to chaotic via same-race sacrifice.
- You have a hopeful feeling.
- Your prayer timeout has been reduced, but is still nonzero. Base luck, if negative, was increased by one. You may not pray.
- You have a feeling of reconciliation.
- Your prayer timeout has been reduced to zero. Base luck, if negative, was reset to zero. Unless you have a cursed luckstone, you may safely pray.
- An object appears at your feet!
- You have received a gift, and your prayer timeout has been increased. You may not safely pray.
- You feel partially absolved.
- Your alignment was negative and has been increased by the level of the corpse, to a maximum of zero. Sacrifice again to see if it is safe to pray.
- You glimpse a four-leaf clover at your feet.
- Your base Luck has been increased and is nonnegative. Unless you have a cursed luckstone, you may safely pray.
- You think something brushed your foot.
- As above, while blind.
- You see crabgrass at your feet. A funny thing in a dungeon.
- As above, while hallucinating.
- So this is how you repay loyalty?
- You attempted to sacrifice a former pet, your alignment record was reduced by 3, and you gained aggravate monster. The corpse was not consumed.
- You have a sudden sense of a new direction.
- You have been permanently converted to a new alignment.
Variants
SLASH'EM
In SLASH'EM, sacrifice can also net you other boons from your deity, including having wielded and worn items blessed by your god, or even being given tame minions. SLASH'EM also adds several new artifacts, including many that can be given as sacrifice gifts – several roles are given a guaranteed first gift, and some roles with a first gift are given guaranteed second gifts.
Below is a table describing artifacts that can be gifted and their eligibility as first or second gifts. The table assumes a role of the given starting alignment that has either no artifacts generated at the time of their first gift, or else only has their first gift generated at the time of the second:
GruntHack
In GruntHack, characters can receive mundane items as sacrifice gifts, which are likely to have an object property and significant enchantment. The handling for mundane gifts is found in artifact.c: the weapon or armor generated and its accompanying object property is selected from a list of appropriate types, and leans towards particular weapons based on the character's race and role (e.g. a gift of a two-handed sword will always become a tsurugi for Samurai); non-artifact weapons that are gifted will always be of a weapon skill that the character can train in.
SporkHack
In SporkHack, characters can receive mundane items as sacrifice gifts, which are intended to be "junk" according to a comment in the code within pray.c. The odds of an artifact being considered as a gift over mundane items increase with the character's experience level:
Experience level | Odds of artifact |
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1-3 | 0 |
4-8 | 1⁄10 |
9-11 | 1⁄5 |
12-13 | 3⁄10 |
14-16 | 2⁄5 |
17-18 | 1⁄2 |
19-20 | 3⁄5 |
21-22 | 7⁄10 |
23 | 4⁄5 |
24-25 | 9⁄10 |
26+ | guaranteed |
Despite their designation as junk items (as most players will be used to receiving artifacts), the mundane weapons and armor given as gifts will always be erosion-proofed and have an enchantment from +3 to +5, and non-artifact weapons that are gifted will always be of a weapon skill that the character can train in.
FIQHack
In FIQHack, a mechanism called piety determines when a character receives gifts or becomes crowned from altar sacrifice. In addition, only gifted artifacts affect the rate of future artifact gifts, ignoring artifacts obtained via wishing.
References
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1362
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1366
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1370
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1591
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1373: calls
eaten_stat
function - ↑ src/eat.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 3220
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1459: In practice, this only applies to wraith corpses. Other undead that leave corpses at all will leave corpses of their living counterparts, and these corpses are created as too old for sacrifice outside of specific circumstances.
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1688
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1355
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1690: Chaotic gods are harder to appease
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1705
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1698
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1708
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1714: ugod_is_angry tests for negative alignment record
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1720
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1721
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1724
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1739
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1732
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1734
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1727
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1749
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1774
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1750
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1762
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1765
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1752
- ↑ src/artifact.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 156: gift alignment
- ↑ src/artifact.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 156: no gifts that blast you
- ↑ src/artifact.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 63
- ↑ src/artifact.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 160
- ↑ src/artifact.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 167
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1608: any negative-value sacrifice will anger the altar's god, calling
gods_upset
at line 1610 - ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1287:
gods_upset
function - ↑ 35.0 35.1 src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1465
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1386: call
desecrate_high_altar
function - ↑ 37.0 37.1 src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1607: calls
god_zaps_you
immediately - ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1381
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1389
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1415
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1209
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1457
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1450
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1596
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1617
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1647
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1650
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1676
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1666
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1678
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1670
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1483
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1620
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 582
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1632
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1597
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 582:
god_zaps_you
function - ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 614
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 646
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1377: same-race is checked before former pet status and ignores the check for corpse age
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1412
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1412
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1389
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1436
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1378
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1400
- ↑ src/makemon.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1764: demon generation for same-race sacrifice ignores
G_HELL
1⁄9 of the time - ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1426
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1429
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1462
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1544
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1544
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1527
- ↑ src/pray.c in NetHack 3.6.7, line 1542